Development of Classical States and Empires

Differences of Africa's civilizations: a. Small regions of Mediterranean culture in N. and S. extremes, large deserts (Sahara, Kalahari), larger regions of savanna grasslands, tropical rain forest in continent's center, highlands + mountains in E. Africa iii. One distinctive environmental feature: bisected by equator = most tropical of the world's three supercontinents a. Persistent warm temp. = rapid decomposition ot vege table matter (humus) = poorer and less fertile soils and less productive agriculture than in more emperate Eurasia + spawned disease-carrying insects/parasites ‘v. Feature: proximity to Eurasia a. Allowed parts of Africa to interact w/Eurasian civilizations b. N.Africa incorporated into Roman Empire, produced wheat/olives w/slave labor, Christianity spread widely famous martyrs c. Saint Augustine: theologian d. Christian faith found more permanent foothold in present-day Ethiopia v. Arabia † another point of contact w/larger world v'. Domesticated camel = nomadic pastoral way of life; later, made trans-Saharan commerce possible (linked W. Africa 0 Med. Civilizations) vii. Over centuries, E. African coast = port of call for Egyptian, Roman, Arab merchants = became integral part of Indian Ocean trading networks viii. External connections + internal development of African societies generated patterns of change during classical era A.Geez: language used @court, in towns, for commerce; written in script derived from S. Arabia c. Measure of ctrl over mostly Agaw-speaking ppl of country thru loose administrative structure – tribute payments d. Romans P Axum † third major empire after own and Persian ‘v. Introduced to Christianity thru connections to Red Sea trade + Roman world (Egypt) v. King Ezana: monarch of fourth century (when Christianity was introduced), adopted Christianity (same time as Constantine in Roman) v'. Mounted campaign of imperial expansion across Red Sea 0 Yemen in S. Arabia vii. Decline: environment al changes (soil exhaustion, erosion, deforestation brought about intensive farming) viii.Rise of Islam 0 altered trade routes, diminished revenue available to Axumite state, emerged Christian church (present-day Ethiopia) ‘x. Meroe + Axum paralleled on smaller scale major features of classical civ. Of Eurasia: long-distance trading connections, urban centers, centralized states, complex societies, monumental architecture, written language, imperial ambitions, direct contact w/Med. civilizations II. Along the Niger River: Cities without States Urbanization in middle stretches of Niger R. in W. Africa Growing #s of ppl from S. Sahara into fertile floodplain of middle Niger in search of access to water w/domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, agricultural skills, ironworking tech.Ppl created distinctive city-based civilization Oenne-Jeno) No imperial system No centralized political structure â€Å"cities w/o citadels† Emerged as clusters of economically specialized settlement s surrounding a larger central town Earliest + most prestigious specialized occupation = iron smithing Roderick McIntosh: archeologist, leading fgure in excavation of Jenne-Jero Villages of otton weavers, potters, leather workers, griots grew around cent. Towns Occupational castes (passed Jobs/skills to children, could only marry within own group) Farmers tilled soil, raised animals, specialization in farming – fishing, rice cultivation Growing network of indigenous W.African commerce Middle Niger flood-plain supported rich agriculture and had clay for pottery, lacked stone, iron, ore, salt, fuel Ghana, Mali, Songhai – W. Africa Ill. South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa i. Most significant development involved accelerating movement of Bantu-speaking ppls into enormous subcontinent i'. Bean from homeland region (present-day SE. Nigeria + Cameroons) iii. Bantu expansion – slow movement of peoples brought to Africa south of equator measure of cultural an d linguistic commonality, marking it as a distinct region of the continent A. Cultural Encounters ‘v. Advantages: a. as agriculture generated more productive economy 0 larger #s to live in smaller area b.Farmers brought both parasitic and infectious diseases (to which foraging people had little immunity) c. Iron, tools/weapons v. Kalahari regions of SW. Africa and few places in E. Africa, gathering and hunting urvived (such as San) vi. In rain forest region of Central Africa, foraging Batwa (Pygmy) = â€Å"forest specialists† 0 honey, wild game, elephant products, animal skins, medicinal barks and plants vii. Adopted Bantu languages viii. In drier env

Cold as Ice vs. Hot as Hell Essay

â€Å"Cold as Ice vs. hot as hell† is a metaphor that is applied to our daily lives. At times we are not in its control. The following metaphors described, â€Å"Cold as ice vs. hot as hell† as a characteristic or personality. Allow me to explain the differences between both of the following metaphors meanings. It is with in our nature to remain either calm or peaceful, yet at times we have the most complex mental personalities. This metaphor would be an alteration of â€Å"cold as ice vs. hot as hell of types of personalities and characteristics in them. For example: anger, temper, serenity and tranquility. The outcome of these traits would be a â€Å"cold as ice vs. hot as hell† defining two metaphors in our daily lives struggles. â€Å"Cold as Ice† is a metaphor that is practically in people that remain calm at all times. There are those who experience depression and still remain in a calm state of mind. Imagine your daily routine, and then suddenly something catastrophic occurs, everyone becomes temperamental and violent. These individuals remain calm, focus and open minded to thoughts and opinions. This enables people to think outside of the box and undertake various mental explorations. Being aware there are no limits to our thinking process. The hypothesis result is being successful in life as long you put your mind to it in an environment surrounded of positive people. When you hear or observe positive reinforcement we tend to rationalize, resulting to be more conscious of our surroundings, allowing us to maintain a calm state of mind. â€Å"Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence.† (Helen Keller) A negative characteristic is someone that was raised in a different perspective in life, violence, hate and no love. Being around angry people, full of resentment are negative qualities of a pessimistic person. Is it possible this could be someone who lives by the metaphor, â€Å"hot as hell† always on a short fuse? Could this be a form of adversity to keep them from being happy with him or herself, and other people? For example those people who are going through depression, suicidal thoughts, and many ups and downs in day-to-day activities, which can be difficult. The inability to communicate with others and on a constant hot temper may think that life is not worth living. A constant frustration and pressure will not allow them to be happy. One moment they are happy and another they are on a fuse waiting to explode. Most people that are angry get caught up with an overwhelming of emotions. We are so engaged in anger our reasoning will not work. When anger is responded with an ger it will only make the problem escalate. A wise man said the following â€Å"Pessimist one who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.† (Oscar Wilde) Many individuals are brought up with different perception in life. As infants we demonstrate our personality through love and always wanting attention. Through parental guidance we leave our mothers womb not knowing what is to come of our beliefs and manners. We are also informed that life is to be cherished and to not take life for granted. Honestly we all have same level of â€Å"cold as ice vs. hot as hell†. We all have our moments of struggles to remain calm. Some may come as fighting a profound addiction of serenity. From the day that we are born till the day we pass, everyone will always have to face the struggles and in the process we encounter these metaphors. Lets all maintain peace on earth and tranquility among humanity. World peace is produced to make the world a better place to live in; this phrase must be cherished forever. REFERENCES Keller, H. ( Optimism is the faith: Para 2. Retrieved October 27, 2012 http://bibleversesbytopic.com/quotes/optimism..html Wilde, O. Pessimist Para 3 Retrieved October 27, 2012 http://wisdomquotes.com/quote/oscar-wilde-5.html

Dutch Disease

(1. What is meant by the term? ) Introduction Over 50 years ago on 1960, when a sprawl bed of liquid gas was discovered in North Sea, Netherland overjoyed exploiting the natural resource and became a net exporter of gas. The demand for Dutch guilder in order to purchasing gas, rose and made it extremely strong. It left a lot of currency to a level the manufacturing export was no longer competitive. Later on 1970, when oil price soured by 4 times; UK was tempted to invest in North Sea oil industry in Scotland.Soon after exporting the oil, UK encountered with a serious recession following labor strike. Firm workers demanded for higher wage because their disposal income has decreased which stemmed from the fall in expensive commodity demand. UK has become a net export of oil and Pound got appreciated. The rest of the industry left the market and firms started cutting their cost of human resources. Since then the term of â€Å"Dutch Disease† assign to those with heavy reliance on their supply of natural resources that downturn the non-resource aspect of economy.The Export–oriented manufacturing system is divided to two parts; More competitive sector-normally energy sector- grow faster and further while the less competitive step back and the related employment fall substantially and in more serious crisis concludes to deindustrialization. Both mentioned event are correlated with exchange rate development. The term of â€Å"Dutch disease† for the first time came in an article in The Economist -1977 that described the case as a natural resource curse.The name of Dutch Disease generally associated with a natural resource discovery, but it can be seen in any trade or investment activity that results in a large inflow of foreign currency, including a rise in natural resource prices, foreign aid, and foreign direct investment. The inflow of American treasures into Spain in 16th and gold discoveries in Australia in the 1850s are other two example of Du tch Disease diagnosis. By 1978, this story repeated in Iran. The oil price jumped and other local roduct like hand crafts, carpets, agricultural product, minerals, precious stones, Zofran, Pistachio became expensive and was not affordable for the neighbors and other importers to import. Such small industries never sustained in the market and some of them wiped out. Iran became the importer of rice, wheat, carpets. That took many jobs and money out of economy. Russia is likely to be another victim of this disease. Nearly 40% of GDP, 60% of export revenue and 60% of government revenue depends on oil and gas production. General perception of Russian economics, like other resource-rich countries, expects the symptom of disease.Russia as one of the main oil producer can easily impact on oil price by reducing or increasing the amount of production. In both situations, their intake of money from oil exportation is huge. It strengthens the Ruble and impact the export revenue as a whole. Bes ides pouring unmanaged wealth problem, the direct investors intend to invest in mines and oil/gas wells and rigs or take over the related companies (direct investment). Moreover the related industry attracts the indirect investors to stock market to buy their shares.These all concludes to CAD appreciation which is not what a commercial sector of an economy try to reach at. Since we are on another side of history, revolution against energy consumption and climate change got more serious, the countries that are too dependent on natural resource are being questioned more than before. Except for short-run effect of asymmetric growth on resource allocation and income distribution, we are better to think about long-run issue of not renewable resource depletion rate and future plan for rich-resource countries. 2. Detail and outline the channels that could cause such an effect) Dutch Disease Mechanism The underlying mechanism of the Dutch disease is that the real exchange rate of the resour ce- rich economy tends to appreciate strongly with the rise of the export revenues from the resource sector. In turn, the appreciation harms the economy’s exports from the manufacturing sector leading, over time, to de-industrialization . Regarding the pattern of history, the resource-rich countries manifest a short term prosper while others fallen behind due to: . Natural Resource discovery and exploitation 2. Increase in foreign currency 3. Foreign direct investment 4. Foreign aid 5. Natural resource price growth While at the mid-term they would experience: 1. Resource price artificially inflate the currency 2. Run up in commodity price 3. Losing price competition in market 4. Become weak in manufacturing sector 5. Become a net import of manufactured goods 6. Losing export power in goods other than natural resources 7. Leading to uneven economyThis is the mechanism in which non-resource industries get hurt by resource industry which proudly increases the wealth and spread t he benefit unevenly across the country that accounts for hidden economy turmoil, which make manufacturing jobs, move to lower cost countries. Canada and Oil Sand Fever (3. Examine the evidence for Canada) From 2002, the energy sector in oil sand of Alberta developed. The total rise of world oil price covered all extra cost of oil sand refinery process and made it profitable to that level which triggered exploration, expansion, extraction and export of oil.Obviously the nominal GDP per capita jumped and the Canadian exchange rate appreciated and the manufacturing sector has contracted. While the rise of the energy and commodity prices brings obvious benefits for Canada as a whole, it has raised also a lot of concerns of policy makers and economists. Tom Mulcair, the NDP leader, who is being accused of dividing the country against each other, named the oil sand of Canada the dirty oil. He said that the booming of oil industry in Saskatchewan province would hollow out other provincesâ €™ economy.He believes the oil exportation drive up the value of dollar and hurt manufacturing sector. The studies show that the appreciation of Canadian dollars relative to USD is driven by three factors. One of them is the strength of the CAD due to export oil, secondly the weakness of the USD, increase the appreciation of CAD, and the last factor is the booming of world energy price. Between 2002 to mid-2008 the price of oil and the other commodities got back to very low levels, however the manufacturing sector remained at the same weak status.The Dutch phenomenon becomes a disease if the manufacturing sector does not come back when the resource boom is over. (4. Arguments for and against the preposition) Investigating the proposition that the country has experienced a period of Dutch disease, two conditions may need to be fulfilled. First, see if currency appreciation has driven up by the export oriented commodity prices. Second, see to what extend unemployment has been affe cted in the manufacturing sector. According to Krugman (1987), it becomes a disease when the manufacturing sector does not come back after the resource boom.There are some contra verse arguments which claim that natural resource industries create jobs. Strong currency brings significant growth. While the food and energy security is so important in today’s world, there is no reason to blame these sectors for bad economy. Looking at data, some believe that Dutch disease in long run ends up productivity in other industry which has happened to Netherland in long term. (5. Government role to reduce the incident or mitigate the effect- foreign exchange intervention) â€Å"The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. – Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Under transparently and wisely management, if government can diversify the manufacturing and export sectors to reduce dependency on the booming sector and make t hem less vulnerable to external shocks, such as a sudden drop in commodity prices and at the same time avoid dumping all export revenue in the economy and devote fund of energy revenue to enforce other part of the industry through privatization and restructuring, the economy would be more resilience and integrated.In countries with temporary resource discovery, policymakers may want to protect the non-trade sectors through foreign exchange intervention that is, building up foreign exchange reserve through the sale of domestic currency to keep the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency lower to insulate the economy in condition the extra wealth spend wisely and to lead to inflation.Nobody expect government to call for a slowing down of resource development, but it is expected that policymakers help to boost the innovation, investment in human resource and spend more on research and development which leads to higher productivity of skilled worker via retraining which should b enefit the vulnerable sector. Developing the new energy infrastructural -pipe and rigs- intelligently and sustainably help peaking natural gas prices not being blamed for driving up inflation and driving down exports of manufacturing goods. In Russian, a few think that the national population must meets the domestic supply.They claim that they are not that much depends on export revenue. Moreover they firmly believe that their non-oil industry is not that much big to get hurt from global competition and they would continue to develop the oil sector which is more competitive and they are good at. In Chad, after oil discovery on 2004, the Chadian government invested the income on developing crop production and feeding poor people at the same time. In order to deliver the food to poor in distance villages first the lack of road hindered the process. So the next object was to improve transportation infrastructural.That was the example of successful policies for avoiding Dutch disease. U sing the country’s huge income of oil and gas for public and rural household welfare and investing particularly in, for example, development of road and irrigation infrastructure and improving water access would adverse the affection of Dutch disease. â€Å"If revenue can create a serious opportunity for development and poverty reduction, it certainly is a good opportunity for corruption as well, feeding political claims and increasing the risk of conflict† (page 47) Exchange rate and Spending effect (6. ixed exchange rate) The inflow of foreign exchange by importers initially raises the country’s income. There are two policies how to spend the money. If the foreign currency is traded with foreign commodity and spend on import, the domestically product goods are remained unharmed. But suppose it is converted to local currency, this time the local productions get affected. If the central bank decided for a fixed nominal exchange rate, after conversion the currenc y, the money supply increases, the local demand increase and local production price rise which leads to higher real exchange rate.If the exchange rate is flexible, the value of the domestic currency increases due to the increased supply of foreign currency, which again leads to higher real exchange rate, in this case through a rise in the nominal exchange rate rather than in domestic prices. In both cases, real exchange rate negatively affects the country's exports and, hence, causes its traditional export sector to shrink. This entire process is called the â€Å"spending effect. † †¢Corden, W. M. and J. P. Neary. 1982. Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small Open Economy.The Economic Journal, 92 (368) pp. 825-848. †¢Coulombe, S. , R. Lamy and S. Rogers (2007). Adjustment in High Trade Exposed Manufacturing Employement in Canada, Industry Canada, Mimeo. †¢http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2003/03/ebra. htm †¢Ebrahim-zadeh, Christine (M arch 2003, Volume 40, Number 1). â€Å"Back to Basics – Dutch Disease: Too much wealth managed unwisely†. Finance and Development, A quarterly magazine of the IMF. IMF. †¢Corden and Neary . 1982. and Corden . 1984. †¢Stephanie Levy. 2001. â€Å"PUBLIC INVESTMENT TO REVERSE DUTCH DISEASE: THE CASE OF CHAD† †¢

Hobbies, sports, film, current events etc Essay

Hobbies, sports, film, current events etc - Essay Example When this balance is disturbed in any way, there is bound to be trouble. Gunfire is not something that I like to hear even today. I have had the chance to think about my life in Somalia since I have been in America. There are so many things I like about my new home. There is a feeling of safety here that most Americans take for granted. When they see a person in a uniform, such as a police officer or a soldier, they can assume this person is not going to herm them, arrest them for no problem or make trouble for them unless they have broken laws. This is not the guarantee in Somalia. I also like the food in America. Fast is something that most people say is unhealthy, but I like to eat it sometimes. It is so different from the food at home. There are many things I like about America, but I will always feel like a Somali, even though I know my homeland is a dangerous place for many people. Essay #2 Sports Watching sports on television is something that I have learned to love since comi ng to the United States. Most people in America are crazy about sports. I have been lucky to have friends that invite me over to watch soccer on their televisions everywhere I go. My favorite sport in Somalia was soccer. We played it informally in the street. I'm a fan of professional soccer in America and like to watch any game that DC United plays. I have never lived in Washington DC but my friend did. He loved DC United so I became a fan. I like professional American soccer but actually prefer to watch the Premier League in Europe. I like to watch any game Arsenal plays. I am having a difficult time learning about the American sports of baseball and football. I like baseball much more because I lived near to where the Angels play in Pasadena, California. I like to watch baseball games, but only for a while. The game is sometimes slow. I do not like American football. I do not see what the individual players are doing and they are always stopping and starting the action. It is a s low game that many people seem to love. Catching the ball is difficult to do because it is oddly shaped. If I had to choose between watching baseball or football, I would choose baseball. Essay #3 History of Lewiston, Maine Lewiston, Maine is one of the towns where I have in America. There were lots of other Somali’s there. It is a place that gets very cold in the winter and is different that Somalia in nearly every way. I was wondering about the history of this place and why so many Somali’s were settling in such a cold place. I learned that Lewiston used to be a town that was very rich. There were factories that made cotton cloth and other textiles. These textiles were sold all over the United States and around the world. After America’s civil war, all of the factories were moved to the south so that people who had lost the war could have jobs. This meant that Lewiston got poorer and poorer. For a long time, it looked like Lewiston was going to be a town that could not stay alive. During the civil war in Somalia, many Somali’s like me came to America to live. I have lived in many places, such as Atlanta, Georgia and Pasadena, California. Some Somali’s heard about Lewiston, Maine and went there to live because it was nicer than other places that were taking Somali’s. Once word spread, lots of Somali’s went there to live. In Lewiston, there were some people that didn’t like all the Somali’s living in one spot. They didn’t like seeing different people. What has been good

Epic Hero Hercules Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Epic Hero Hercules - Research Paper Example In his mind, Zeus wanted to have a son with skills and strength to become a hero among men and the gods’ agent. When Hercules grew up performing odd tasks, King Thespius of Thespia recognized him and offered him his 50 daughters to have children with Hercules. Hercules was able to impregnate 49 of the 50 daughters who gave birth to 51 sons, with the eldest and the youngest giving birth to twins (Burges, 2004: 14). Hercules grew up as a hero performing extraordinary tasks. In his lifetime, he performed twelve different labors. As an order from King Eurystheus, Hercules was supposed to perform only ten labors, but since the King nullified two of them, he performed twelve. Hercules was able to murder a Nemean lion and brought back its skin. The Nemean lion had a very thick skin which could not be penetrated through. He murdered the lion by strangling it and with the help of the claws of the lion he penetrated through its thick skin and removed it. From then on, Hercules wore the skin as his armor (Stewart, 2004: 36). Another labor performed by Hercules was when he killed the Lernaean Hydra. The Lernaean Hydra was a monster serpent which had many heads and lived in the Lerna Lake. The Hydra was guarding the way to the underworld. It was so strange that for every head Hercules cut off, two more heads grew back in the cut place. Iolaus, Hercules nephew, had the idea of burning the stumps after cutting the heads so that they could not grow back, and it worked. He then buried the dead body of the Hydra beneath a boulder. He took all his arrows and immersed in the poisonous blood of the Hydra which made them poisonous. However, Eurystheus disqualified this labor of Hercules as he received help from his nephew (Loewen, 1999: 324). Hercules also managed to capture the Ceryneian Hind which was a huge deer sacred to the goddess Artemis. The deer did have hooves made of bronze and antlers of gold. The hind was known to be very fast that it could even outrun an arrow b ut Hercules followed it for a whole year on foot and managed to shoot it on the leg with a non-poisoned arrow. Since the hind was sacred to goddess Artemis, Hercules asked for forgiveness and the goddess forgave him on condition that he would bring back the hind safely (Weisbort, 2005: 26). Hercules captured a great beast that lived on Erymanthos Mountain where goddess Artemis used to visit. The beast was known as the Erymanthian Boar. Hercules was able to force the boar into thick snow with the help of centaur Chiron who advised him to do so. After the boar was in form of thick snow, Hercules captured it and took it to King Eurystheus. Hercules cleaned the Augean stables. King Augeas had the greatest number of cattle in the nation which were his divine gift and were immune to diseases. This meant that it was not necessary for anyone to clean the stables. The king challenged Hercules to perform the task in just one day and he could give him an eighth of his cattle. Being a hero, Her cules redirected rivers Peneus and Alpheus through the stables and the task was done. However, the king did not fulfill his promise to Hercules, which made Hercules angry, and he murdered the king (Weisbort, 2005: 34). Hercules killed man-eating birds known as the Stymphalian birds. The birds had metallic and poisonous feathers that could fire as weapons. The birds lived in the woody area that surrounded Lake Stymphalia and this made it hard for the birds to be

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Plan - Essay Example In the global market, computer and mobile demand has grown higher while in the local market, the demand is reducing. The Europe market has portrayed a more friendly environment and the hope for business development. Competitive analysis Being a new company in the market, Webcore has experienced a lot of competition from companies that sell computing products. The main competitors in the market include dominant companies such as Global Business Machines, Micro-Tech and Advance technology. The main strength of these companies is that they enjoy a good reputation for having built their name of the years. In addition, the companies have more than five products while Webcore has only two products. The ability of these companies to differentiate in the market have given them an advantage over Webcore. However, just like any other companies they are already feeling the pressure of competition within the market. However, while Webcore still has the opportunity to grow, these companies have r eached their optimal stage of the business cycle and are in verge of entering business recession. Webcore has the opportunity to penetrate deeper into both the local and international market, and to launch new products in the industry (Rhonda, 2003). The threat that exist in the market is the high number of new companies that they are entering the market and more expected in this financial year. Target Market and Customers Webcore has laid plans to satisfy its short term goals by expanding its market segment and creating new distribution channels. To extend its geographical scope, the company is going to establish a new branch in California to target the growing demands of computers in this city. In New York, there are plans to open new distribution channels in this city to target the high demand for Pro-book computers in this city among the middle level customers (Rhonda, 2003). Plans are underway to establish partnership with Whole Stock distributors in New York to develop a new c hannel for its products. It is expected that this move will optimize the sales in this country and hence increase the company marginal profit. Secondly, the company is establishing an on-line selling platform where customers can register as members and order their products on-line. Product or Service Line Currently, the company two main products include Webcore Pro and Webcore pro-book. The company intends to differentiate by investing in non-computing products whose demand is growing in the market. With introduction of printers and mobile phones in the market, the company aims at attracting satisfying the demand for these products that seems to grow each year. At the same time, the company intends to increase its production of Webcore Pro computers that seem to be attracting more customers into the business as compared to the Pro-book. Advertising Plan Webcore has laid strategies to roll out its products by investing $1000 in advertisement in the television media and newspaper. The expectation of this program is that the public will become aware of the products and services that Webcore will be offering during this financial quarter. The company advertisement will appear on the newspaper at least twice every week to allow and each day on all television service providers. By ensuring the public are aware of the products, the company will expect more buyers this year than any other years when little advertisement was evident (Rhonda,

Do we still partake in conspicuous consumption of fashion Essay

Do we still partake in conspicuous consumption of fashion - Essay Example This essay traces the history of fashion in relation to conspicuous consumption in order to determine if this concept is present in the modern culture and find out the motivation behind the use of fashion to display wealth and status. According to Cassell (2000), conspicuous consumption of fashion is not a new concept because it can be traced back into the ancient tribal times. During this period, the elite within the society displayed various fashions to demonstrate their social class and thus distinguish themselves from the ordinary people. The history of conspicuous consumption and the developments in fashion was very competitive and it is attributed to the modern culture within the consumer society as explained by Woodruffe-Burton (1998). In the French empire, the rule of Louis XIV was characterized by conspicuous consumption of fashion and people showed off their wealth through the clothes they wore. The concept of conspicuous consumption of fashion is illustrated by the queen of France, Marie Antoinette who had the largest wardrobe in Versailles which was filled with expensive clothing as a status symbol of her wealthy and power. Feitelberg (2005) explains that the invention of handbags late in the 18th cen tury clearly shows how fashion is valued in the society as â€Å"a symbolic tool for status and class†. Highly decorated handbags were carried around to achieve a certain desired level of prestige and wealthy. Lehnert (2000) assets that the history of fashion reached its peak in the 19th century when cloth designs and fashions from France and London were used to separate people according to social classes. Decorative dressing by women in the upper social class was common in the society. A lot of money was spent by the wealthy on decorative fashion which were colorful with good designs and ostrich feathers being used to symbolize a higher social status. The development of fashion was parallel to the social status early in the 20th

Population Sustainabiltiy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Population Sustainabiltiy - Essay Example At this current rate, the world is quickly becoming overcrowded, a fear that many countries are trying to handle before it is too late. There are a number of negative impacts that are brought on by human overpopulation. The greatest of these impacts is that human overpopulation is causing a quicker depletion of resources. In countries that are already overcrowded, some natural resources are harder to come by and difficult to accommodate everyone. Career and educational opportunities are also scarce as everyone attempts to obtain them. Overpopulation also leads to a rise in poverty and homelessness as Earth runs out of space to contain everybody. Overpopulation of humans gradually comes to a point where there is not enough of anything for everybody. As a whole, the world is facing an overpopulation of human beings. The amount of babies being born is significantly greater than the amount of people dying; the correlation between the two is almost nonexistent. Nevertheless, there are som e countries that are facing an opposite condition: a drastic decline in the overall number of people. Among them are Germany and Italy, countries that face very low birth rates and an aging population. There is a continuous decline in their population. Because of this decline, these countries stand a better chance at achieving a sustainable society. A sustainable society is defined by the ability to maintain a society that can progress without devastating setbacks in the near future (Chapman, 2000). They have less people to accommodate, and therefore need less. However, having a smaller population is only the beginning. There are policies that countries like Germany and Italy can follow to ensure a sustainable society. One such policy is to strengthen the ethics of caring for the community, which would require sharing the benefits and cost of resource use and environmental conservation. If development is managed, threats toward the survival of other species and habitats is eliminate d. Another policy is to grow economically; given the current recession, it is easy to see how economic failure can effect the possibility of a sustainable society. Job availability is rare, making it difficult for people to survive. A third policy is to minimize the depletion of finite resources by using less of them and finding infinite alternatives. There are some downfalls that come with underpopulation as with overpopulation. With underpopulation comes an abundant amount of resources. This may seem like a benefit, but resources need to be paid for. If a society lacks the people to pay for the resources that they need, it becomes difficult to maintain the resources (Zuckerman, 1996). In this case, too much is not a good thing; less is more. Countries like Germany and Italy may be set for a while, but resources will eventually become unaffordable, and the towns and cities risk dying out. Were it not for immigration and migration, which helps boost economies, cities in these countr ies would cease to exist. References Chapman, A. R. (2000). Consumption, population, and sustainability. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Dobkowski, M. N. (2011). On the edge of scarcity (2nd ed.). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Zuckerman, B. (1996). Human population and the environmental crisis. Boston: Jones & Bartlett

Role of marketing in a consumer society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Role of marketing in a consumer society - Essay Example The growth of Starbucks is also based on their sound management as well as effective operations (Reference for Business 2011). Starbucks developed a strategy to open only company?owned stores and avoid franchising. This strategy facilitates the company to keep full control of its excellent products and services. Starbucks strived to control more of its supply chain with the purpose of maintaining high quality of coffee high with consistent levels by working with growers and upholding the standard of coffee. These two strategies facilitate Starbucks to distribute the first part of its value proposition as well as quality (Marangos n.d.). In this paper, the role of marketing in consumer society will be described properly with reference to Starbucks. The company developed various strategies and marketing techniques while operating in consumer market. Various strategies were adopted to satisfy customers with delicious coffee drink. The company operates in broad marketing environment, whi ch has been explained by taking into consideration various factors related to the environmental issues. The theory of consumer society had also been discussed by analyzing the satisfaction level of consumers. 2.0 Marketing Techniques and Strategies From the case study it has been observed that Starbucks has developed expansion and growth strategies in order to make expansion of their brand or products. The marketing strategy of Starbucks is totally unique and different from others. They have adopted the strategy based on various factors such as expansion of business in favorable areas with suitable demographic profile in order to support and render service to them. This strategy was developed based on the growing reputation of Starbucks brand (CalaRos Bay 2004). Various small business firms at the outset face the issue of expansion or growth of their business. Thus, based on these two concepts, expansion as well as growth strategies have been adopted. Business expansion is a stage o f a life of the company in consumer society and business growth is the increase in financial fortunes for employees along with owners. Expansion strategy is developed with a view to validate the initial business start up idea of entrepreneur and the subsequent efforts of fulfilling the vision into success. Growth strategy means that the variety of changes will take place in the company’s business market. Growth causes challenge in managerial legal and financial aspects. This strategy will enable to raise the market share of company and large number of competitors in the market (Reference for Business 2011). The rapid store expansion strategy of Starbucks is domestic store expansion along with international store expansion. The other strategies are employee training in addition to recognition, where recruitment, hiring and training methods for baristas and store managers are included. They also provide screening, training programs and awards for partners. The other strategies are real estate group, store development group and retail operation group, planning as well as construction. For providing facilities to consumers as well as employees, several strategies are developed such as a broad range of store formats, a â€Å"stores of the future† project team, high traffic and high visibility of the location of

Financial Market and Institutions (Assignment ) Assignment

Financial Market and Institutions ( ) - Assignment Example Liquidity: Fast and flexible liquidity of the asset market enhances demand for the assets. Conversely, increased liquidity of the alternative asset markets (like the stock market) lowers the demand for bonds. Wealth is the factor that impact on the total asset demand and that influence investors to demand one asset over another. Equilibrium interest rate is determined when the money supply and the interest are balanced. The interest rate moves towards equilibrium when the temporarily above or below the below or above the rate of equilibrium because of excess or extreme supply, which in turn rises the interest rate. The transparent analysis of the Fisher effects is that if the expected inflation rises by 5% and above, the expected return on interest rate falls as a result of fall in the demand for the bond. Fisher effects occur because when expected inflation increases or rises, the nominal interest rates rise in return (Mishkin and Eakins 140). The rise in expected inflation is a transparent proves that the real cost of borrowing or lending has declined, causing increase in the quantity of bonds supplied. Equilibrium bonds with fall in demand and increase in supply. The decreased riskiness of bonds increases the demand for bonds. The demand curve shifts to the right and the equilibrium bond price rises and the interest rate falls. Higher federal government deficits increase the supply of bonds Expected Profitability of Investment Opportunities; in a business cycle expansion, the supply bond falls when there are fewer expected profitable investment opportunities. Expected Inflation; supply of bond increase when there is an increase in expected inflation. Government Activities; higher federal government deficits increase the supply of bonds, conversely, government surpluses reduces the supply of bonds. Liquidity premium theory elaborates all the facts of the term

Past, Present and Future Essay Example for Free

Past, Present and Future Essay As I was preparing to write this personal assessment paper, I cannot help but be reminded of an age-old adage which goes, â€Å"an unexamined life is not worth living† – a wisdom saying claimed to have been coined by the philosopher Socrates. Specifically in view of my stay here at the University of Phoenix, I have many good reasons to suppose that looking back at my personal and professional growth in this learning institution is indeed an aspect worth examining. Not only does it afford me of a chance to chart the progress of my learning journey, it also gives me a rare opportunity to reflect on how my life has significantly changed over the years. In many ways, I believe that what stands to be of paramount importance in examining one’s life lies in being able to learn from the experiences of the past. And I find this especially true for myself since I am coming from a kind of University experience that opened many windows for the acquisition of many learning skills, and the nurturance of lasting relationships as well. With these in mind, I shall reflect on study program that I took at the University of Phoenix with eyes fixed on charting my personal and professional growth relative to the whole study process. As required, this personal assessment paper shall be divided into three distinct but related parts: starting the program, undergoing the program, and the impact of the program on my future life. Recounting experiences at the start of University program Early on in life, I was already introduced to the idea that academic learning is exceedingly important not only because it can become a sure ticket for a rewarding professional life later on, but also because it is a noble endeavor in itself. My parents have constantly reminded me of this almost sacred teaching. Which is why, I consider learning to be an issue of no little importance in my personal growth and development. In ways more than one, this is the reason why I decided to pursue my studies at the University of Phoenix. Specifically, I was moved by a desire to finish my studies so as to later on pursue a greater life-defining goal – to land a career in the field of management. I have to admit that starting a University life is not as easy and sweet as many people would have thought it. At least for myself, I have had a fair amount of anxieties, biases, fears and hesitations that I had to firstly wrestle with before finding myself comfortably abreast with the whole school system. Even if I had the courage to pursue an inner belief on the importance of learning, I should say that my first steps at the University were indeed nerve-wracking, since I had to let go of my little comfort zones and expand my horizon for the sake of learning. But while these memorable days were an initially rocky path, I think that I fared relatively well in handling myself successfully, with a little push and support from my family, friends and peers. I started out my studies at the University as a student at the beginner’s level. In many ways, my problem solving and communication skills definitely needed some serious reinforcements. I knew I had the basic knowledge and skill to pull through though; but surely, they need to be further improved if only I could succeed in my University journey. I was able to pass academic requirements in a manner rather fair and prompt. But I must admit that I was able to accomplish many things not without difficulties. For instance, I discovered that doing analysis and assessments involving critical thinking were not that easy. I did also encounter difficulties in terms of information retrieval, inasmuch as I had to joggle up a number of subjects requiring memorizations, retentions, and practical ways of applying formulas and principles in many assignments and projects. And while I believe that my social and relational skills were aspects that have served me well in the past, my University studies was to even more teach me how to use these skills in a manner distinctly practical, so I can effectively collaborate with my co-students and professors. After years of pursuing an academic learning here in the University though, I honestly think that I have improved a lot in almost all these aspects; as I now possess, all things considered, a competence level of an intermediate student. Assessing personal growth during my University studies A multi-faceted learning approach is what in essence the University of Phoenix afforded me over the years. I have little doubts that the subjects which I took at the University contributed a lot to my growth. Specifically, I have to mention that I was helped enormously in my writing skills. I know right from the onset that I could not write well. And perhaps, this weakness shows even now. In fact, I have encountered difficulties in completing many assignments or projects that needed a fair amount of effective writing skills. It was, to say the least, difficult to get myself staying motivated in matters or subjects where I know I am are not adequately adept with. With much patience and practice though, I think that I was able to improve myself quite significantly in this area. My University studies have enabled me to gather vital insights that I can use in the future. In particular, I feel that certain general education courses may prove to be critical in view of my potential management career in the future. The first one concerns Human Motivation subject, as offered by Psychology 320 course. This is, I believe, chiefly important for any career in management, as it gives students necessary insights and skills to know what motivates people. The management profession entails a lot of handling human resources; i. e. , the people themselves. By studying Human Motivation, I am able to gain necessary knowledge that would not only make me know the factors that motivate people, but also learn appropriate approaches or methods to effectively motivate them. Second, I feel that ISCOM 476, otherwise known as the â€Å"Integrated Supply Chain Application†, is another important course as well. If only to explain, what this course did for me was to make me distinguish between the things that I have honestly learned and those that I have unfortunately missed. The subject was in many ways an eye opener for myself. It gave me insights into the areas that I need to brush up in relation to the previous courses that I have taken. Ultimately, though, I feel that I can use this course to help an organization become successful in what they are trying to achieve in the business. Besides, the course is chiefly about understanding logistics; and, in a career that oversees not only the proper handling of human resources but also key company transactions, the course shall definitely help me improve my management skills later on in my professional life. As for my personal recommendation, I would propose developing a more personal rapport between student and teachers. I do wish to imply that the University professors barely care for the individual performances of their students. Far from it. On the contrary, what I would suggest is to promote healthy student-teacher relations that could bring into the fore individual difficulties encountered by students, as they go about learning the subjects they are currently into. When properly assessed, students can surely address what needs to be done if there are some learning skills or subjects that they find difficult to put up with. I have personally encountered having to put up with the demands of a current subject while brushing up the knowledge I have learned from the previous courses. In many ways, this can be avoided. Developing an effective individual colloquium approach to learning shall, I believe, make students more adjusted into the demands of the current subjects that they are undertaking. Analyzing the impact of University learning on later life Completing a University bachelor’s program in many ways gives me an overwhelming feeling of contentment, pride, and most notably, joy. But perhaps, more than giving me a reason to be proud of myself, I feel that the finishing the University program of my choice has a role to fulfill in my life long learning later on. Finishing the program is surely not an end as it is more like another beginning for my life. It is an accepted knowledge that learning is a process that never stops; i. e. , for as long as a human person lives, he or she needs to learn until death. In many ways, this is how I view life as well. I feel that lifelong learning is something that one needs to achieve in life. And as such, it is something that should not stop. I take root from my personal experience here at the University of Phoenix. Honestly, I think that that I many reasons to quit from the program. The difficulties of having to put up with the intense learning processes of this school system are really one bulk of problem to solve, to say the least. But I did not allow discouraging results, nor pieces of advice of other people (against finishing the degree) get in the way of my desire to finish my studies. In life, this too applies. A person should not let no one stop him or her from finishing something that one truly takes interest in. Far more critical, I am of the firm believe that lifelong learning needs all the support one can get from people who care. Since learning has to be life long, and that it need not to stop after University schooling, I have set forth certain plans in view of acquiring further knowledge. In the years to come, I plan to reinforce the fundamental learning I received from the University by following it up though an array of available study learning programs. Firstly, I intend to attend logistics seminars in the next few months. Realizing that this is critical area for my prospective job, I feel that I need to reinforce my learning to further increase my competence in such a field. Moreover, I plan to further develop my communications and management skills. Communications skills, specifically writing (as I mentioned), were really a weakness that I was able to adequately address. But that does not mean I was able to achieve an expertise or mastery of it. I know that, at the end of the day, I need to improve this aspect more and more. Being a professional entails that one has achieved a certain level of competence in both what one knows, and how one effectively expresses what one knows. In my case, I am pretty aware I need to effectively express myself in both the oral and written manner of communication, in order to better convey and practice the management skills that I have acquired. As indeed, I am aware that I need to be very aware of any new approaches to management strategies as the years go by. What the University has afforded me is a fundamental knowledge about management; but surely, in the years to come, new innovations and challenges that the University studies were not able to address shall inevitably emerge. I know that when that time comes, I need to handle myself successfully as I did so during my student stint at the University. Thus, in order to keep with the pace of ever changing needs of the companies, I plan on improving my management skills by attending seminars and short courses as well. Right now though, I have neither pondered nor decided over the specific company or organization to join with. Suffice it to say that for the time being, I am contemplating on attending a master’s program on management. In this way, not only I am going to be able to address my specific learning needs, I shall also in the process further improve my competence level to that of an expert, ready to take on anything that life has to eventually offer.

Mending Wall Poetry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Mending Wall Poetry Analysis Essay The neighbour keeps resorting back to the same simple argument and point of his father’s saying, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbours. † The speaker continues to remain unconvinced and presses the neighbour’s old-fashioned stubborn claims to be overlooked despite his reluctance to be swayed. The piece remarkably is quite simplistic in the way that the vocabulary of the poem contains no real fancy words, most are short and the majority can be used in conversion in everyday life. There are no stanza breaks, obvious ending rhymes or overall rhyme scheme observed either. The repetition of whole lines is surveyed twice throughout the poem however. â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,† is the opening line of the piece and is repeated on line thirty-six. This is a reoccurring idea that this wall should not be up standing in the first place as it is unnecessary. Frost says that there is a natural force that tears down these walls as they are unnatural. The repetition emphasises that it only separates us from being able to build last longing relationships from those who may be on the opposite side to that fence. The other replication noticed is of the motto of the neighbour’s father, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbours. † This phrase holds a very strong importance to the speaker’s neighbour. In no way, shape or form does the man over the wall want to change his sturdy built tradition of his father’s trusty and wise wisdom. Frost would rather the neighbour think for himself and for him to grasp the opportunity to do something different rather than continue to â€Å"move in darkness† and let go of the unneeded barrier between that lies between them. One interpretation is that Frost could be trying to convey is one of unnecessary barriers and dead-ends. Excuses not to alter their lives, not to form new friendships or develop and build even stronger ones. The title Mending Wall could mean anything but fixing the fence between the two blocks of land but refer instead to the broken relationship that exists between two human beings.

Substance Abuse Among Adolescent Students

Substance Abuse Among Adolescent Students CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood into adulthood, a period of physical, psychological and social maturation. This is a crucial period of life when an individual is no longer a child but not yet an adult. The term adolescent refers to individuals between 10-19 years of age (early adolescence 10-14 years and late adolescence 15-19 years). In this period they are usually very energetic, enthusiastic, and anxious and become more autonomous in their decision taking.1 To show that they are capable of handling themselves the risk taking behavior among them is very high which, as a consequence, may bring different kinds of problems. Substance abuse is common and one of the most disturbing problems among the youths. In Nepal adolescents comprise about one fourth (24%) of the total population.2 Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs.3 Substance abuse is the use of any substance(s) for no n-therapeutic purposes or use of medication for the purposes other than those for which it is prescribed. It refers to the over-indulgence in and dependence of a drug or other chemicals leading to effects that are detrimental to the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s physical and mental health, or the welfare of the others. Substance abuse has complex roots; in biological predisposition, personal development, and social context. Specific social correlates such as parent-child conflict, child physical and sexual abuse, family breakdown etc has also great role4. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a crucial period in which experimentation with illicit drugs in many cases begins. Because of their innate curiosity and thirst for new experiences, peer pressures, their resistance to authority, sometimes low self-esteem and problems in establishing positive interpersonal relationships, young people are particularly susceptible to the allure of drugs. However, all youth around the world do not have the same reason for abusing drugs.5 Substance abuse also predicts affiliation with network of deviant peers who introduce these adolescents to other substances.4 [2] Adolescent substance use usually starts with alcohol and cigarette which are referred to as gateway substances. They are the initial substances used before others are tried out and later progress to more dangerous ones such as cannabis and cocaine.4 In most societies cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and using drugs are more or less perceived by young people as something alluring. Many also see it as a status symbol, a way to telling their peers and contemporaries that they have come of age. In Nepal, alcohol use has not been taken seriously either by the community or by any social organization.6 There is no age restriction on buying cigarettes. Cannabis and alcohol were traditionally used in Nepal for centuries. A cannabis derivative such as marijuana and bhang is often justified in connection with religious festivals because of the presumed prediction by one principal figure of the Hindu pantheon, the lord Shiva for the drug.7 With time, risky behavior such as gluing, sniffing an d injecting the drugs has been introduced. Though drug use is strictly illegal in Nepal, the easy access and availability of drugs has created a conducive environment for the people to start taking such substances, especially among young people and children. Substance abuse is one of the main risk factors for numbers of heart and lung diseases, oral, lung and stomach cancer, psychiatric problems and even death. Poor social coping skills, broken homes, disturbed relationships and risky behaviors is its social consequences.3 A number of measures, both on supply reduction and demand reduction, have been taken by the government and non-governmental organizations. However, the number of drug users is in the increasing trend.6 Substance abuse, therefore, is still a major public health problem and theres a need of more extensive awareness and rehabilitation programmes. 1.2. Problem statement Substance use poses a significant health, social and economic threat to families, communities and nations. The extent of worldwide psychoactive substance use, according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2002, is estimated at 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion smokers and 185 million drug users. Similarly, there are 150 million adolescent tobacco users. In an initial estimate of factors responsible for the global burden of disease, tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs contributed together 12.4% of all deaths worldwide in the year 2000.8 [3] Tobacco alone contributes 8.8%, alcohol- 3.2% and illicit drugs-0.4% of all the death worldwide. Injecting drug use has been reported in 136 countries, of which 93 countries report HIV infection among this population. Tobacco is the largest burden in Europe and South-East Asia while alcohol poses the largest burden in Africa, the Americas, and Western Pacific. Worldwide alcohol causes 2.5 million deaths (3.8 % of total) and 69.4 million (4.5% of total) of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs).8 According to Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2006, one-third of men smoke cigarettes and two-fifth consumed other forms of tobacco, whereas 15% of women smoke cigarettes and 5% consumed other forms of tobacco.2 According to Non Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey 2008 in Nepal, 37.1% were tobacco users. Of them, 26.2% (35.5% men and 15.9% women) were found to be currently smoking among which 23.8% were daily smokers. Mean age of the initiation of smoking was 18.8 years for men and 12.9 years for women. Similarly, 28.5% were found to be currently consuming alcoholic drinks wherein almost one and half times more men (39.3%) than the women counter parts (16.5%).9 The report published by United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC) showed that the younger the age of first use of illicit drugs, the higher the severity of drug problem later. The age of first experience with drugs has been falling in many regions of the world. Adolescent substance use is increasingly prevalent throughout the world.10 According to the Nepal Adolescent and Young Adult (NAYA) Survey 2000, about one-quarter of the young boys and one in ten girls have experienced smoking.11 Study conducted in Nepal by Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), New ERA and orc Macro, 2002 have revealed that 47.4% of the adolescents aged 15-19 has consumed alcohol. Study conducted among teenagers in seven districts of the country stated that more than one in ten teenagers admitted to taking drugs. Of these teenagers, 56% took drugs by smoking, a quarter by inhaling (26%) and 5.4% admitted to injecting drugs.11 [4] 1.3. Rationale Substance abuse has been a rising social, economic and public health problem and the hazards associated with it are undeniable. It is one of the forms of behavior most damaging to the health in the long term and is associated with other risky behavior such as engaging in unprotected sex which may result in HIV/AIDS.7 Adolescence period is the major age of initiation of substance abuse.6 Substance abuse among adolescents seems to be alarmingly pace around the world and Nepal is no exception. Though there are organizations working for adolescents, very fewer studies are conducted regarding this issue. Awareness programs are insufficient due to the scarce of information of the real scenario. Since majority of substance abuse among youths starts in the school, the school population is the best place for early detection and prevention of substance abuse in the adolescent population. As a result of lack of sufficient and reliable data from which generalization can be derived for Nepal, the re is a definite need for additional school surveys on substance abuse in the country. This study provides the base information on the use of various substances among school adolescents. It is intended to describe the magnitude of substance abuse among school children, the factor motivating them to abuse and knowledge and perception regarding substance abuse so that the possible intervention could be taken. 1.4. Objectives 1.4.1. General objective To find out the magnitude and associated factors of substance abuse among adolescent students in secondary schools of Vyas municipality, Tanahun. [5] 1.4.2. Specific objectives To identify the prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescent students of Vyas municipality. To determine the age of initiation of substance abuse. To find out the factors influencing the initiation of substance abuse. To explore the students desire for quitting abuse of substance. To determine the students knowledge and perception regarding substance abuse. To determine patterns of substance abuse in terms of sex and type of school. 1.5. Research questions What is the prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescent students? What is the knowledge and perception of adolescents towards substance abuse? Do sex and type of school influence the use of substance? 1.6. Variables 1.6.1. Dependent à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Substance abuse 1.6.2. Independent à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Age à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Sex à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Peer influence à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Availability à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Types of school à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Knowledge and perception regarding substance abuse [6] 1.7. Conceptual framework Availability Substance abuse among school adolescents Age Sex Place Family History Type of school Peer influence Knowledge and Perception regarding substance abuse Types of substance Figure 1: Conceptual framework 1.8. Operational definitions Substance: Any psychoactive material which when consumed affects the way people feel, think, see, taste, smell, hear or behave. Cigarette, chewing tobacco, alcoholic products and drugs (drug tablets, cannabis, heroin, opium, glue/gum, tidigesic, tranquilizers) are included as a substance in this study. Substance abuse: Substance abuse is the non-medical use of substances in order to achieve alterations in psychological functioning. Use of any of the substances mentioned above for two or more times in a lifetime is included under substance abuse. Adolescent students: Secondary school students of grade 8, 9 10 of both community and institutional schools within the age of 10-19 years are considered adolescent students. School: Government-aided community schools and institutional schools are studied. [7] Knowledge level regarding harmful effects of substance abuse: Those who could list at least one or more harmful effects of substance abuse are considered as having â€Å"good knowledge† and those who couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸t list any are regarded as having â€Å"poor knowledge†. Perception towards substance abuse: The perception of the students was measured in 3 points scale: „agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, „disagreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ and „canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸t sayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. Statements for measuring perceptions are: à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ One who abuses substance has more friends. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ One who abuses substance has negative image in the society. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ It is difficult to quit the substance after getting into it. [8] CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Substance abuse is rising public health as well as social problem throughout the world. It poses a significant threat to the health, social and economic foundation of families, communities and nations. It is one of the major preventable causes of death and disability. There are about 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion smokers and 185 million drug users worldwide.8 Consumption of substances has increased all over the world and the age of initiation of substance abuse is progressively falling. There has been increase in social and economic factors which make young more vulnerable and likely to engage in drug use and drug-related risk-taking behavior.10 A study carried out on â€Å"Socio-Demographic Correlates of Psychoactive Substance Abuse among Secondary School Students in Enugu, Nigeria† showed that 33.7% of the adolescents were substance abusers. Alcohol was most commonly abused (31.6%). Prevalence of the cigarette smoking was 14.3%, inhalants 9%, tranquilizers 7.4% and ca nnabis 4.15%. Males consumed most psychoactive substances more frequently than the females. Cigarette and cannabis were the exclusive preserve of the males. Older students were more involved in multiple substance use compared to younger ones. Among the users, 75% of the respondents were using more than one substance whereas 24.8% used only one substance.4 In a study carried out on â€Å"Drug use among adolescents in Asturias (Spain)† among the school students, 29.1% were drug user among which 55% were male. The average age of initiation of drugs was 15.4 years for males and 15.5 years for females. Cannabis was the most frequent drug used ever i.e. 20.8% of the total respondents became involved with this drug at sometime of their lives. Tranquilizers was second (10.3%), followed by amphetamine-like substance (7.9%) and inhalants (2.3%). The mean age at first drug use was 15.4 years for males and 15.5 years for females.12 A study carried out on â€Å"Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent students in eastern India: Prevalence and associated risk factors† among 416 students of classes VIII, IX and X in rural and urban settings gave the prevalence of 6.14% and 0.6%. The mean age of initiation of substance abuse was 12.6 and 13.9 years among rural and urban students respectively. Tobacco followed by alcohol was most commonly used in both setting. Prevalence was higher in males. Use of a substance by family [9] members had a significant impact on its use by their children. Enjoyment and Curiosity were found to have the major influence in their decision to use a substance.13 Another study carried out on â€Å"Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors† revealed that the life time use prevalence rates of alcohol and tobacco were 9.25 and 5.2%. The commonest substance used by the students was caffeine (85.7%). In terms of gender, the prevalence rate for male was higher than for their female counterparts except for antibiotics, analgesics, heroin and cocaine. Major Reason for using substances included relief from stress- 43.5%. About three quarters of the respondents (70%) were unaware of problems or complications that could arise from substance use while 10.5% believed poor physical health could arise.14 Department of Narcotic Control in Bangladesh, in June 2008, reported about 5 million drug addicts in the country amo ng which young and adolescent population comprised 91%. Heroin is the most widely abused drug in Bangladesh.15 A study of adolescent smoking and drinking carried out among adolescent students in 2007 in Korea have shown that the prevalence of smoking was 29.2% while drinking was 48.2%. The mean age at the first instance of smoking and drinking was 13.8 and 14.1 years respectively. Among drinking adolescents, 30.1% were offered a drink by their parents, although most adolescents were encouraged to smoke or drink by their friends.16 The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) of school-going adolescents of class 8-10 conducted by WHO in the South-East Asia Region revealed that one in 10 school-going adolescents in Nepal use some form of tobacco. The smoking rate for girls was significantly lower than that for boys. Exposure to smoke was both at home and in public places. Despite a substantial proportion of adolescents using tobacco, a large proportion of current smokers wanted to stop smoking. Regular presence of smokers in the family and easy accessibility of tobacco products were the major contributing factors to the prevalence of the smoking habit among adolescents in Nepal. It was also observed that almost one in ten smoking students smoke at home, revealing that there is no parental pressure on them to stop.11 [10] United Nations International Childrens Fund (UNICEF) 2001 survey in Nepal reported that more than one in ten teenagers admitted to taking drugs. Of these, 56% took drugs by smoking, 26% by inhaling and 5% by the injecting route. Majority (76.7%) of the adolescents was introduced to the drugs by their friends and 12% started taking on their own while 7% were encouraged by their father and uncles.11 According to a study done in school students of Grade 8, 9 and 10 in Pokhara sub- metropolitan city, nearly half 47.1% of the students ever used tobacco products. One in seven (13.2%) were current users, one in four (22.7%) were experimental users and one in ten were the past users of any tobacco product. The mean age of initiating tobacco was about 13 years and nearly one fifth (18.9%) initiated before 10 years of age. Boys were more likely to use tobacco than girls and adolescents of institutional schools were more likely to use tobacco products as compared to community school students. R egarding the knowledge of students about tobacco use nearly one third (31%) of the adolescent students were having good knowledge and less than half (42.7%) were having some knowledge about the hazards of tobacco use. Significant proportions of the adolescents have wrong perceptions about the use of tobacco i.e.47% thought that tobacco users have more friends and 27.3% thought that tobacco users are more attractive.17 [11]

NIC: The Unsung Hero :: essays research papers fc

NIC: The Unsung Hero The Network Interface Card, or NIC for short, is the most important peripheral when it comes to operating on a network. Many people think the most important item in a network is the cabling, or maybe the network software, or even the computer or server being used. While each of these items is important they are worthless without a Network Interface Card, for successful network operation. The NIC has taken most of the legwork out of the way we do business. No more does Bob, in the Production Department, have to save a file on a floppy disk just to hand carry it two floors up to Sue, in the Accounting Department. The NIC makes it possible to send the file across the network, saving precious production time, so Bob can work on other matters. The importance of the NIC can be described in terms of what it is, what types there are, and system compatibility. So, what is a NIC? Simply put it is the physical interface between the computer and the network cable. The NIC performs many vital functions that are transparent to the user, in order to send and receive data. 1) It prepares data to be sent over the network by converting the computer, parallel data into serial data. 2) It advertises its address to the rest of the network, to distinguish itself from other cards on the network. 3) It carries on an electronic dialog with the receiving NIC about such things as the maximum size of the data to be sent, the time intervals between data chunks, and how much data each card can hold before it overflows, to name a few (Microsoft 76). All NICs operate pretty much the same way, but it is important to know about the different types of NICs. NICs come in two basic varieties: those designated for servers and those designated for desktops (Harvey 104). The application of the network being used will dictate what type of NIC to use. Server NICs generally come with onboard processors and memory. For a heavily trafficked server, multiple port cards allow for additional connections to a server, saving expansion slot space (Harvey 105). The desktop NIC is more of a bare bones type of card. It does not require an onboard processor and memory, unless it is for a user that moves a lot of data (i.

David Copperfield Essay -- English Literature

David Copperfield Choose an important passage or event from the first 14 chapters of David Copperfield. Analyse the significance of that moment to the novel as a whole. You should write about themes or ideas that are relevant to earlier or later passages in the novel, The way the novel was written, published and read, Any clues Dickens provides about the future of the novel. When Mr. Murdstone arrived, David was clueless at what this dark mysterious man would bring to his life. This person friendliness was pleasant and kind towards David and his mother to start with, but David’s seemed to sense something peculiar about his attitude which he shows us by using a naà ¯ve narrator. This lets us picture it through David’s childish recollection instead of someone recalling the incidence from the past. Hence the reason he does not understand why he has this feelings towards this man and can not see it through an adults perspective. David was sent away to live Peggoty and her family for a few weeks and he believed it was just for a nice holiday away from home, little did... David Copperfield Essay -- English Literature David Copperfield Choose an important passage or event from the first 14 chapters of David Copperfield. Analyse the significance of that moment to the novel as a whole. You should write about themes or ideas that are relevant to earlier or later passages in the novel, The way the novel was written, published and read, Any clues Dickens provides about the future of the novel. When Mr. Murdstone arrived, David was clueless at what this dark mysterious man would bring to his life. This person friendliness was pleasant and kind towards David and his mother to start with, but David’s seemed to sense something peculiar about his attitude which he shows us by using a naà ¯ve narrator. This lets us picture it through David’s childish recollection instead of someone recalling the incidence from the past. Hence the reason he does not understand why he has this feelings towards this man and can not see it through an adults perspective. David was sent away to live Peggoty and her family for a few weeks and he believed it was just for a nice holiday away from home, little did...

Breakfast At Tiffanys Essay -- essays research papers

Breakfast at Tiffany’s by Truman Capote is about the thought that friendship can make a person take drastic measures in helping a friend. The setting is New York City. The point of view is first person limited. Seen through the eyes of the narrator, called â€Å"Fred† ( the main character ), who is a starting writer. I enjoyed the story because it was very interesting to learn and experience life in old New York.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story starts out, probably in the present time, when â€Å"Fred†, who had now been living in New York for a great deal of time, goes into his friend Joe Bell’s bar for a drink. There he learns the his long time friend, Holly Golightly, is still alive by the use of a photograph from an explorer which shows a wood carving made by a tribesman which bears the uncanny resemblance to Holly. After this encounter, â€Å"Fred† begins to reminisce about his past with Holly and all of their wild adventures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fred’s† first meeting with Holly was through his apartment window. Holly Golightly is a nineteen year-old self-sufficient woman. Some of her personality traits are admirable, affectionate, while cold hearted. She is motivated in life by striving for her purpose in life, which is to be rich and famous while keeping her ego. She believes that love is not sexual. Holly, trying to escape a horrible date, decides to visit her new downstairs neighbor. There she practically tells â€Å"Fred† everything about her life. Fred was a na...

The Culture Change After Wwi

They are no longer having the sense of patriotism, and a lot of them move aboard to taste the expatriate lifestyle. They are lost in this world, and they do not know what to do. The literatures at this time period really reflect the idea of being lost. The writers called themselves the lost generation. â€Å"The phrase was actually originated by the garage owner who repaired Stein's which was a famous writer at that time car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car In a way satisfactory to Stein the owner had shouted at him, â€Å"You are all a generation Purdue. Stein, In telling Hemingway the story added, ‘ThatIs what you are. That's what you all are†¦ All of you young people who served In the war. You are a lost generation. † The term became very popular after Hemingway public his novel â€Å"the sun also rise†. Like Hemingway said † I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice.. I had seen nothing sacred, and the thi ngs that were glorious had no glory and he sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. † His book the sun also rises reflect the idea of expatriates and create the sense of lost. The main characters are mostly engage in heavily drinking.They work in the daytime, and drunk in the night time. They don't think about their future, or they don't know they do or do not have a future. There are a lot of famous writers belong to the lost generation Like F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S Eliot, Gertrude Stein. In T. S Elite's poem the waste land, he constantly reminded the readers that there Is no future on this land, and this land Is a abandon land. Similarly, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote In his novel the side of paradise that this generation † Grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars ought, and all faiths in man shaken. † The war helped the rise of the black culture.The new Negro movement or the nowadays so called Harlem Renais sance was a black culture movement. It started at Harlem, a section of New York City which gathered one hundred and fifty thousand African American. African-American writers and artists gave voice here challenging the structures of American racial oppression, and show the potential of the black culture to the world. The movement was stared at the end of WWW, and ended in the start of the great depression. WWW created a lot of Job opportunity in the north, and his led to the migration of black people from the south which was known as the Great Migration.The black people gathered together at place like Harlem to form their own black community. After the war, soldiers return from the front, and competing job with the black people. Racial riots broke out in the north. The increase the Harlem renaissance. A lot of writers and artist saw this culture movement as a opportunity of uplifting the black culture, and gained more right to the African American. However, some writers and artists s aw this movement was Just an expression of their native culture.

Soma

These inning-styled medicines have a rattling veto effect on an individual and society. or else of trying to fix problems naturally, people go to pills because it takes slight energy and little(prenominal) time. some(a) people feel that taking less energy to become happy Is a benefit, when its actually the total opposite. Honestly, I see that mood- fixation drugs ar one of the factors for obesity In the States today.The fact that people ar taking pills to be happy or else of exercising and eating right bes the States lazy. One of the most common mood-altering drugs employ In the U. S. Today Is Ability. Affably is use for mood disorders such as, bipolar, schizophrenia, and Irritability. Ability apprize also be employ with different medications to treat depression. Another common mood- altering drug In America Is Eluvia. Eluvia helps change mood and feelings of well- being. It also relieves fear and tension, helps you stay bump, and Increases your energy level.Altho ugh, both of these drugs digest make a person feel better they come with negative stead cause such as, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, weight gain, blurred vision, constipation, and so forth These drugs can relate to figure of speech because still like soma, theses drugs ar taken when psyche feels Internally unbalanced. In the novel brazen New World by aloud Huxley the people of the World State excessivelyk the drug soma when they felt unhappy. Soma make the citizens of the world state truly shut up and c atomic number 18less. The best part around soma Is that unlike the mood-altering drugs of today, It doesnt have whatsoever locating effect.The bad part more or less soma Is that an Individual could overdose, then at last give-up the ghost If they use demeanor too much. publicizing for these drugs poorly shows the side effects of the drugs they are trying to sell, which Is understandable for an advertisement. The side effects In the Interview are norma lly In a very littler font at the tush on the advertisement, and when being read It goes by very fast. The people selling these drugs know that these drugs wholly help people momentarily, and the only way to fix most of these cases comes from within, durably. Energy and less time.Some people feel that taking less energy to become happy is a drugs are one of the factors for obesity in America today. The fact that people are One of the most common mood-altering drugs utilize in the U. S. Today is Ability. Ability is used for mood disorders such as, bipolar, schizophrenia, and irritability. Ability can altering drug in America is Eluvia. Eluvia helps improve mood and feelings of well- being. It also relieves anxiety and tension, helps you sleep better, and increases your eke soma, theses drugs are taken when somebody feels internally unbalanced.In the and careless. The best part about soma is that unlike the mood-altering drugs of today, it doesnt have any side effects. The bad par t about soma is that an individual could overdose, then eventually die if they use way too much. Advertisement for these drugs poorly shows the side effects of the drugs they are trying to sell, which is understandable for an advertisement. The side effects in the interview are usually in a very small font at the bottom on the advertisement, and when being read it goes by

Archetype and Nationalism in Tolkien’s Silmarillion

ABSTRACT This thesis demonstrates the relationship of fantasy fiction, archetypes, and nationalism in unity of fantasy fiction, namely Tolkiens The Silmarillion. Fantasy fiction, with the stump of escapism, is less appreciated. This thesis is written in stress to give more appreciation to fantasy fiction. compendium to show the relationship of fantasy fiction, archetype, and nationalism is carried disclose by applying archetypal approach and Fryes archetype of mythos. This depth psychology is aimed at determining the position of the paper in Fryes mythos taxonomy and its values.The values, then, are compared with values open in side of meat nationalistic discourse. The result of this analysis indicates that the story of The Silmarillion can be classified as tragic mythos. However, tragedy in the Silmarillion is elaborated differently from the characteristics of the mythos suggested by Frye. Tragedy of The Silmarillion is collective in its nature. The singularity of traged y in The Silmarillion is read as theatrical performance of fellowship spirit value in face nationalistic discourse.The Silmarillion also shows learning and historical tenacity values parallel with values found side of meat nationalistic discourse. From these values The Silmarillion shows that pastoral life with its collectivity, wisdom and tranquility as an ideal life for English people. Keywords fantasy, archetypes, nationalism, Tolkien v ABSTRAK Tesis ini menunjukkan keterkaitan fiksi fantasi, arketipe, dan nasionalisme yang muncul di dalam salah satu karya sastra fantasi, yaitu The Silmarillion karya J. R. R . Tolkien.Fiksi fantasi, dengan stereotip sebagai fiksi yang dianggap hanya memberikan tempat untuk melarikan diri dari kenyataan dan fiksi yang lepas dari nilai-nilai realitas, kurang mendapat apresiasi yang cukup. Untuk memberikan apresiasi terhadap fiksi fantasilah tesis ini ditulis. Analisis untuk menunjukkan keterkaitan fiksi fantasi, arketipe dan nilainilai nasiona lisme pertama-tama dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis game cerita dengan menggunakan pendekatan arketipe dan teori mythos Northrop Frye. Analisis plot ini dilakukan untuk menentukan posisi cerita di dalam taksonomi mythos Frye dan nilai-nilai yang dikandungnya.Nilai-nilai ini kemudian akan dibandingkan dengan nilai-nilai yang ada dalam wacana nasionalisme Inggris (England). Dari analisis yang dilakukan terlihat bahwa cerita The Silmarillion tergolong dalam mythos tragedi. Namun, sifat tragedi dalam The Silmarillion berbeda dari ciri mythos tragedi Frye yang terkonsentrasi pada satu individu. Tragedi dalam The Silmarillion bersifat kolektif. Keunikan tragedi di dalam The Silmarillion ini dianggap mewakili nilai kebersamaan yang juga merupakan salah satu nilai keinggrisan dalam wacana nasionalisme Inggris.The Silmarillion juga menunjukkan nilai-nilai kebijaksanaan dan keberlanjutan sejarah yang di dalam wacana nasionalisme Inggris dianggap merupakan nilai-nilai yang khas Inggris. Da ri nilai-nilai dalam The Silmarillion yang paralel dengan nilai-nilai dalam wacana nasionalisme Inggris tergambar bahwa kehidupan ideal Inggris adalah kehidupan pedesaan yang penuh kebersamaan, kebijaksanaan, ketenangan dan memiliki keberlanjutan sejarah. Kata kunci fantasi, arketipe, nasionalisme, Tolkien vi

Final IB Draft Sashi Ratnayake

The final exam and thirdly chapter would be to figure how the fraternity responds to the integrating reactivity model (IRE) and the pressures it causa when peakical anesthetic reactivity is been discussed on with how the association reacts to man-wide reactivity. The secern raising and the conclusions wedgesequently grammatical construction of the advertise card ar, The coca plant- gage gild is unitary that followed Ptolemaic insurance nonwithstanding instantly its a cognizance insurance policy. delinquent to reproving situations, in its mental process the family move to the multinational scheme from the serviceman(prenominal) dodge.coca plant- gage as a gild holds a last back up in the desegregation responsiveness ramequin firearm it concentrates on oecumenic learn and tractability. identification would worry to decl be this probability to contain my impenetr suitable gratitude to our reader Dry. Mashes Samaritan for her fearsome depart and centering end-to-end this subsidization. It is collectible to her teaching, oversight and encouragement that I boast been able to successfully render and finish this assignment. Would crabbyly convey my p arnts for service me come forward financi each(prenominal)y and chastely to end my travel for the hobby dickens course of instructions.And I would alike(p) to convey alone the lag members at escapade metropolis campus and all hose d sustain of the individuals, whos the call are non menti cardinald. With turn up the sustain of you all, the shutting of this assignment would gather in never been possible. This act upon is non through with(p) with the mortal connotation of obtaining trounce grades further to emergence my lean skills and air skills in learn out a expert early ahead. glad again. The explanation is conjecture in such(prenominal) a expression to inform how The coca- poop union came up in rankin gs as the worlds largest crapulence manufacturer, age evaluating its external byplay environment.The promulgate volition critically pass judgment the pursuance questions and sub sections Chapter 1- pay off 1 is to critically see apart how The coca- dope gild executes their externalist staffing policies and how the participation ready globose managers organize 2 is to usher how Coca- pinheads boilersuit compassionate election disturbance ( price) Chapter 2- commit 1 is to critically break apart Coca- boobs worldwideisticisation outline and the advantages that they get along from that point strategy. buzz off 2 is to critically esteem how Coca-Cola achieves efficiency, flexibility and intercontinental husbandry.Chapter 3- comportment 1 is to natesvas Coca-Colas desegregation responsiveness manakin arrive 2 is to examine the pressures that Coca-Cola faces for topical anaesthetic responsiveness and lobar integration gens 1 accounting of Que stions and aims come Authors domesticate The organize of the calculate direct critically unveils the companies look upons, conclusion, accession strategies, multinationalization strategy, honorable standards and the impacts locate or so(predicate) by new(prenominal) competitors for topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic responsiveness. Mean eon, to wee the quest report disclose compose books, jumper lead daybook articles and germane(predicate) websites utilise in the cranial orbit of supranational worry were employ. We sift to reserve a special amount of supranational plenty in the orbital cavity beca custom in the main local anesthetic lot are collapse fit to do logical cable at their mama locations, argued Peters, handler of HER for unified pay and benignant resources in Atlanta, previously HER director for Coca-Colas northwest European division, infusion (1994). harmonise to change (1969) Macs were persuasion about doing li ne on a ecumenical scale, and how this mentality was formation the companies penchant towards doing demarcation to a greater extent than or less the world.The predilection of a NC pile be reflected in its yield offerings, organisational culture, methods to managing contradictory fielders and recruitment of employees for top positions. 1 . ethnocentric druthers national untaught 2. polytechnic druthers emcee unsophisticated . Ptolemaic taste course total world Recalling the laster up account from virtuoso of the recognise individuals of the Coca- Cola society it is unmingled that Coca-Cola sees itself not as a world(a) organization, unless as a transnational endeavour future(a) a geocentric policy which has been broad into a cognizance policy.Coca-Colas transnational strategy allows personal line of credit trading operations in more than cc destinations worldwide objet dart operating(a) at a lower home plate the individual local laws, crusa des and pagan differences. whence the technique apply by the drinking fiend is to employee m each nationals in its multinational business. The Coca-Cola troupe, 2014) though such a trend cost indoors the boundaries of the caller-up the conduct of ejects aim been arousing establish on ii cerebrates. Sweatshops, 2010) As argued by Sweatshops (2010) one originator is to make full a indispensableness for a specialised set of skills that whitethorn not exist at a particular location. The bite reason match to Sweatshops, (2010) is that if employees flub borders and relocate themselves in dissimilar locations and subsidiaries it would be for their own beginment. selection (1994) explains how Peters bread and butter this argument said, in advance you take on in effect(p) of age(p) managerial availability in the come with, you should subscribe to had an external exposure. The heightser up line likewise touches upon how Coca-Cola develop individuals trough they overturn the consider of ball-shaped managers composition s construction on how more than planetary exposures is thither before selecting global managers who should accept international caliber. (Infusion, 1994) fingerbreadth 2 gene linkage of Staffing Strategies solution internationalistic ancestry E by Sweatshops (2010) consort to transpose (1969) and Sweatshops (2010) in that respect are pros and cons end-to-end, date Coca-Cola identifies the under as strengths and threats, StrengthsThe best use of homophile resources build a cellphone of international employees matched with any culture flat move of encumbrance competencies process in creating value through an hold write out of divers(prenominal) economies jibe to the Coca-Cola beau monde (2010) the in a spunkyer place advancements in the class 2009, when they entered the bully status to unravel name unite Kingdoms rankings for colossal Britain for the beginning period as zero( prenominal) 26.The reads emcee government restrictions on staffing genuinely high expenses imputable to the bring of providing for the families of channel employees Meanwhile, Coca Cola revolve around on clement resources ontogenesis by incineration on the education and hold ining of its employees pass millions all(prenominal) year for breeding. afterwards significant investigating and researches, Coca Cola In 2007, launched Coca Cola university (Call) a virtual, global university for all learning and capability-building activities across the Company. E-Learning was use to train Coca Cola freshly recruited managers and drive outs (Sweatshops, 2010).According to Bandmaster (1995) introduces quartet methods that is straight off utilise by Coca-Cola to train expatriates for international assignments, 1. Pre-departure cookery for expatriates These discipline sessions exit provide expatriates and their family with info cogitate housing, schools, shopping, and he alth care facilities in the drove sphere. 2. on-site cooking for expatriates At the phalanx unsophisticated the expatriate provide accept supererogatory onsite training to familiarize the expatriate with the local work procedures and work environment.These ceremonious programs pull up posts save up orientation about the phalanx province impost and cultures. 3. Repatriation Expatriates and their family go out reconcile the host state of matter norms and culture oddly in semipermanent assignment. normally they exit catch high take of tress and ethnical alarm when recurrence to the headquarters domain as a result Of changes that gift taken place since their leaving. 4. schooling for server countrified Nationals (Hess) and ternary Country Nationals (Tics) solely employees from team up leaders upwardly are given up an annual skills sound judgment and ontogeny plan.When look at the above facts and figures, it is distinct that the Coca-Cola Compan y is a geocentric troupe onerous to diversify the branches to buzz off as a recognition beau monde. The staffing methods used by Coca-Cola can be praised cod to the tryst of projection units throughout the world while on-going what is best for the company and the neck of the woods of the subsidiaries. The overall HARM structure of the company as well lies at a real high stake with a compact to set about more with a high level kind-hearted kind environment. souse (201 1) argued that, the keystone for international companies is finding the castigate salmagundi of global and local in their operations.

Gary Kelly Essay

For this paper, and from the options provided, I earn selected Gary Kelly, of s condescend to the forehwestwarderly Airlines. He is the electric current chief operating killicer at s let turn up(p)hwestward, and during his 23 division tenacious endanger at southwesterly he has been com handssurate to do legion(predicate) bang-up things for the association, do it a space where tribe treasured to exercise to crop, signal on their long snip off. He started out as a controller in 1984 and then(prenominal) go on to incur southwests chief financial officer in 1989, exactly it wasnt until 2004 that Gary Kelley was do the chief executive officer.During his numerous eld at with the follow he has worked real pen up with the co-founder herbert Kelleher, during that time you could joint that Herbert was Garys mentor, and as it overthrows out two of them throw outdoor(a) a hardly a(prenominal) things in common. two of these men were natural on whi tethorn 12th, two came from meat ho routineh grey families, and some(prenominal) were slightly right athletes when they go to school. Gary has some corking ways he pass overs his employees and runs his company, and he memorizems to circumspection genuinely some(prenominal) for his employees Id put forward to the point in which he would location them as family, and he conducts carry off of his family. end-to-end the mavintime(prenominal) braces weeks in snap offition we treat over apply southwest as a intervention topic, and in doing this we involvey seen depend adapted how enceinte these southwest employees seem to apply it. eld where employees atomic number 18 much than(prenominal) than than blessed to come in aim off if they are off that day, and temporary removal-dance their peer employees a break, cover out and surprise the crews of planes, and go them snacks and a break dapple they in turn card-playing their plane.In bingle of the photos we watched a video in which Gary Kelly was at a breeze and the employees on the dot came up to him to take pictures with him and in effect(p) slip away him a hug, it seems that he has rattling do this company a family. Gary Kelley was in time named Texas universal sh onlyows rec each dose of the course, for his safe fr eight-spot to exculpated fostering, and his efficiency to totally the way see beyond the centripetal headlines, and ofttimes nix politics, and find that the victory of Texas common education is every anes melody. (Pediatrics calendar week 2008).He has had a trueness to the in the public eye(predicate) schools in Texas, funding both educational organizations and employee extend programs. that lets non line up away from the majuscule business bit he is, one member I immortalize had this to aver salutary-nigh him, Kelly has been as war-ridden as Kelleher was in his juvenility and mayhap point more confrontational, trust the dis model of a cockpit grampus with the disarming, aw-shucks expression of the subtle guy wire bordering door. (Fitzpatrick, 2005) His debauched view and out process his competitors, he was able to safe loots central drome for near 117 one thousand million horse put up for the assets and supply of the fall in ATA air hoses company. As well as taking move to open up flights to both Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, in an motion to repoint that hes more than clever to take on protoactiniums briny air passage US Airways. whiz of the things I genuinely resembling round Gary Kelly is his level of honor, in this phrase from Fitzpatrick, it says, Kelly similarly was non volition to take assent for the airlines fresh moves, maxim it is jerking to remember that one soulfulness deserves credit for everything. (Fitzpatrick 2005) plainly my front-runner part of this phrase was the last(a) sentences in which Mr. Kelly says, Id overmuch soone r peach most Herb than me. Hes a novel and hes realise that. Ive been in the capriole for eight or club months. I piddlent realise anything. Im except another(prenominal) southwestern United States employee, who notwithstanding happens to be the CEO. (Fitzpatrick 2005) finished all of this that I drive home read slightly Mr.Gary Kelly, I clear versed that he rattling cares for those who work for him, and plot he could enforce his position as the CEO to strive and train solicitude into his employees, he would sorta treat them all with respect and lovelyness, kind of reminds me of an old reflexion my grannie use to say, you disregard give birth more travel with a few drops of sweeten than a in all cupful of vinegar, essentially she middling state to be kind and that will pose you further than had you behaved in a impudent way.So furthest it has worked for Mr. Kelly I am unfeignedly affect with Southwest Airlines and all they have do to crack th e felicity of their customers and employees, he rattling is a not bad(p) man.