Classical Education Essay Example for Free

Classical Education EssaySome people hold the view that the classics ar classics because they require stood the test of time. Therefore, they atomic number 18 to be treasured by people of all generations, ours being no exception. Others believe that the classics represent the wisdom of the past. As we are advancing towards the future, it is our responsibility to venture into the unknown and generate new understanding of gentlemans gentleman and nature. What is your view on this issue? Write an essay in ccc 500 words in response to this question and give reasons to support your position. Classical education is communicates to the mind a high sense of honor, a vanity of death in a good cause, and a passionate devotion to the welfare of ones country , which proposed by Oxford classicist Edward Copleston. Classics studies indeed have stood the test of time and represent the wisdom of the past which treasured by all generations. Therefore, it is our responsibility to venture i nto the unknown and generate new understanding of man and nature.Traditionally, the study of classics was the principal study of the humanities. It is connected to the study of languages, history, art, literature, philosophy, archaeology and other culture of the ancient Mediterranean word, especially Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. For example, every European language today such as the Romance languages and Modern Greek was evolved and influenced by the classical language of the Ancient Mediterranean. Nevertheless, classical study now spread out to Northern Africa and Middle East. It has become our references in many different arenas and immensely contributed to our culture today which proves that classic studies have the ability to transform selfs understanding.According to Charles Augustin Sainte-Beures idea and belief, a true classic is an author who has enriched the human mind and revealed some eternal passion through his thought, observation, or invention. Therefore, it could be opposed by anyone since each and everyone have different thoughts and ideas influenced by their present lifestyles, culture or even discovery.

Statement of Cash Flow Essay Example for Free

Statement of Cash Flow EssayThe importance of property the capital go statement help wrinklees and creditors understand how legato a follow is. Team A discussed some important factors about the statement of interchange flow. The purpose of the statement of cash flow and how it is used in accounting is explained. The direct and indirect regularity of preparing a statement is used. Steps in cooking and classification are explained. The team also examines things that they struggled with and also things that they were roaring with. The purpose of the statement of cash flowStatement of cash flows purpose is to provide info of cash payment, cash receipt of a business during a period. It also provides answer to question for future investors wanting to make investment in the company. The investors will looks at the business cash flow statement where did the cash come from during the period, what was the cash used for during the period, what was the change in the cash residu al during the period (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010, p. 198). This shows the business economic and solvency which is more attracted to the investors.The statement of cash flow reports has quad major categories, and they are 1) Cash effect of operating during a period. 2) Investing transactions transaction. 3) Financing transaction and 4) the win cash increase or settle during the period. Between the four every aspect of a business transaction is covered. Statement of cash flow documents shows incoming and outgoing cash of the business. The document makes getable a direction in which help guide decision of potential investor, reader, or l annihilateer understand the company financial report.Because this document is prepared abide it will show a company income statement, balance sheet, owner equity statement, as the result, the report adds validity and accountability to the company financial statements. For example, investors, analysts, potential investors, stockholders, and le nder use the statement cash flow report to evaluate the financial strength of the business. How the statement of cash flow used in accounting A company will use the statement of cash flows to illustrate cash payments and receipt payments for a specific period.This report shows how cash changes because of transactions that occur in daily operations such as investment transactions, financing transactions. This report will illustrate to investors and managers the level of liquid resources the company has available. Understanding a companys cash flow will show the source of cash, the uses for the cash spent, and the balance of cash at the end of the period. This report will tie the information given on the income statement and on the balance sheet. The combination information provided in these statements provides a companys inflows and outflows of cash.The statement of cash flows removes transactions non related to cash events and allows a person to look at the areas within the busines s that generate cash or the areas that cause a loss of cash (Luft, 2012). Analyzing the statement of cash flow gives investors and managers a history of how the cash earned and how the cash was used along with the amount of cash remaining at the end of the month. The usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flow The usefulness of the statement of cash flow is for businesses to understand how they are dong financially.Businesses use the statement of cash flow to know how quickly their assets can be converted into cash. Creditors are concern about how they will be paid. When a company can produce a high amount of cash, they can pay their bills. The statement of cash flow also provides information about a companys spending habits. Because a company has net income does not mean their business thriving. Knowing the companys net cash will provide the information needed to know whether or not to do business with them (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010).The inflow and out flow The statement of Cas h Flow outlines the inflow and outflow of cash from a company for a given period. Inflows include the channelize of funds to a company from another party as a result of core operations, investments or financing (Nordmeyer, 2012). The inflow of cash is generated when businesses either cheat their products or perform a service for revenue. Theses inflows can range from collections on accounts, monies from investors, or interest on loans. Cash outflow, on the other hand, is money loss a company.The outflow of cash from a company can include dividends paid to stockholders, bills, or the materials purchased to complete the products a company sells. Steps in preparation There are three major meters in preparing a Cash Flow Statement. The first step is to destine the change in cash (). This is calculated by comparing the current years cash balance to the previous years cash balance. For example, XYZ Inc. has a cash balance on its balance sheet of $100,000 and $90,000 for years ending December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012 respectively.Their change in cash would be a descend of $10,000. The second step is to determine the net cash flow from operating activities (). This step is depends on the manner chosen. The direct method reports cash receipts and disbursements from operating activities (). XYZ, Inc. reported the side by side(p) revenues of $80,000, accounts receivables $20,000, accounts payable $30,000 and operating expenses of $50,000. To calculate the net cash flow they would subtract accounts receivable from revenues ($80,000-$20,000 = $60,000) to determine cash collected from revenues.Then, subtract accounts payable from operating expenses ($50,000-$30,000 = $20,000) to determine cash payments for expenses. Cash collected from revenues minus cash payments for expenses equals net cash provided by operating expenses ($40,000). This does not take into consideration income taxes. In contrast, the indirect method adjusts net income for items that affected reported net income but did not affect cash. This is done by adding back noncash charges in the income statement to the net income and deducting noncash credits ().Finally, the deuce-ace step determines the net cash flow from investing and financing activities. This step determines whether any other changes in balance sheet accounts caused an increase or light in cash (). This step could include changes in common stock, retained earnings, or bonds. The hardest part in grasping the cash flow steps was encyclopaedism when to add or subtract an increase or decrease. However, through research I could learn an increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, and how accounts payable is subtracted and a decrease is added (Investopedia, 2012).Increases are added and decrease are subtracted for prepaid expenses and inventory (Investopedia, 2012). This week reflect on the statement of cash flow. Team A spoke about the importance of the statement of cash flow. It is need to determine w here a company is financially. It is also use to understand the liquidity of a business. Why companies use the direct method or indirect method of preparing a statement is explained. Steps in preparation and classification are explained. The team also examines things that they struggled with and also things that they were comfortable with.

Racial Profiling

Racial ProfilingRacial ProfilingAbstractThis manuscript volition take an in-depth look at racial write. umteen studies discombobulate been conducted on this type of example and a few of these studies will be observed. Concerns for racial indite such as racial tax, impacts on minorities, and guard citizen partnerships will excessively be addressed and how it affects the individual, criminal justice field and the residential area. around sanctions will too be talk abouted to find ways on how to fighting this practice. Finally the incidents of Atwater v. City of Lago Vista and terrycloth v. Ohio will be comp ared. Racial ProfilingThe debate involving racial profile is been around for many historic period. There have been many studies of about this issue over the past 20 years. Some re seemers bank that racial indite does non have a place in the criminal justice system. Although others disagree with this claim and believe that it does have a place in the criminal ju stice field and does retrovert crime. This manuscript will take an in-depth look at the constitutional issues, correctional initiatives, and compare deuce cases transaction with racial profile.Literature ReviewHiggins, Gabbidon and Vito (2009) conduct a flying field focalization on the public opinion on racial profiling during traffic bread. They collected data from Gallup there runs a poll every few years on the perception of whites and minorities on several issues. The sample size was 2,000 randomly selected Ameri tail assemblys of many different races and ethnic backgrounds. Dependent variables were tested by using two different questions that include the following is it ever justifiable for police use racial or ethnic profiling, and if they felt that racial profiling was widespread when motorists are stop on roads and highways (Higgins, Gabbidon, and Vito, 2009). The independent variables were tested by finding out what the traffichip between each race was. The demographics for the study effectuate that 47% of the survey respondents were male with an average income of $50,000 to $75,000. The sample also showed that 37% were black and 22% Hispanic (Higgins, Gabbidon, and Vito 2009). The results of this study showed that there were mixed results when dealing with race relations and safety concerns. The researchers show that race relations had an influence on racial profiling, while safety did not.A study conducted by Parker, McDonald, Alpert, Smith, and Piquero (2004) focuses on the contextualized examination of racial profiling. This study basically looks at multiple studies conducted by many other researchers on the topic of racial profile. The authors conclude that community level characteristics and their relationship to racial profiling are unknown. They also argue that the clarity and meaning of racial profiling is lacking (Parker et al., 2004). The study also shows that more analysis should be make to see the relationship between police discret ion and racial profiling.Kim (2004) examines how ghostlike individuals sense towards racial profiling. The researcher collected data from the ABC News/The upper-case letter Post Afghanistan Attack Poll 2. The sample size consisted of 1,009 adult participants ranging from the ages of 18 and older and living in the United States (Kim, 2004). In a survey that was conducted the participants were asked their religious identification, their race, and feelings about racial profiling. The researcher found that religious Americans are more in all likelihood to support the racial profiling of Muslims or people Arab descent. The author believes that this is admittedly because of the public safety because of the events that occurred on September 11, 2001.Ramirez, Hoopes, and Quinlan (2003) also look at racial profiling in this definition after the events that occurred on September 11, 2001. They root take a look at the case of Wilkins v. Maryland State Police. This case was brought up by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) about statistics of stops through with(p) on Maryland Turnpike. It showed a big contrast in the amount driver searched by the Maryland State police because a study showed that 79.2% were African-American (Ramirez, Hoopes, and Quinlan, 2003). The authors then look at different definitions for the phrase racial profiling of pre-September 11 and post-September 11 and believe that they are not easily understood. They believe that a more distinct definition should be developed for law enforcement officials to use.Oliver (2003) discusses constitutional concerns when dealing with the topic of racial profiling. The author takes a look at Fourth Amendment and how it affects racial profiling. This article takes an in-depth look at Atwater v. City of Lago Vista. The case was brought forth because Gail Atwater felt that she was illegally stopped by police because of a race. This case made its way to the United States imperative solicit and the justic es found the military incumbents actions did not violate the Constitution. The major(ip)ity of five justices said that it did not violate the Fourth Amendment because a warrantless arrest is legal for minor criminal offenses (Oliver, 2003). The author believes that this case reshaped the fourth amendment of the United States Constitution.In an article written by Simmons (2011) racial profiling is examined for approximately definitive solutions. The author discusses some of the reproachs that racial profiling has on the victims. The researcher believes that racial profiling imposes a racial tax on individuals and groups that are matter to this practice (Simmons, 2011). Other harms that the author discusses are the impacts on monitory communities, and impacts on police citizen partnerships (Simmons, 2011). The author also discusses how there have been some push for polity to help stop racial profiling, but the legislation failed to pass. The researcher believes the more studies need to be performed to help resolve the issue of racial profiling.Smith and Alpert (2002) discuss how the use of social sciences can help the court system resolve the issues of racial profiling. The authors also discuss some of constitutional constraints when dealing with racial profiling in the legal system. The researchers state That most stops done by law enforcement officers based solely on race are generally found unconstitutional in the courts (Smith and Alpert, 2002). The authors also discuss some legal remedies racial profiling. They claim that this type of practice done by law enforcement officers is a infringement of the advert Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. Smith and Alpert (2002) also discuss how the fourth amendment is rarely applicable in cases dealing with racial profiling because of the Supreme Courts decision of Whren v. United States. They conclude by stating the most court cases that deal with racial profiling ultimately fail because the p laintiffs do not have replete solid research.Durlauf (2006) wrote an article discussing some of the problems of racial profiling in traffic stops. The author shows that there been no benefits identified for the use of racial profile. He believes that the harm to the individuals is greater than the benefits for the use of this practice. He concludes by stating that he rejects any form profiling in traffic stops as a public form _or_ system of government (Durlauf, 2006). In a study conducted by Glaser (2006) the author says is difficult to test the effects of racial profiling because the data is difficult to secure. The researcher during his study simulates racial profiling to see how it affects two different groups. In his first scenario the two groups had the same incarceration rate of 10%. In this scenario no profiling is done in the results come out say the same for both groups. In the next scenario the researcher changes criminality rate for one group to 25% and lowers the ba ck group to only 6.25% (Glaser, 2006). The researcher shows when this occurs and profiling is put into the equation that the group with a higher criminality rate is five times more likely to be incarcerated than the other group. Risse and Zeckhauser (2004) published an article looking at the moral aspect of racial profiling and how to eliminate from ones thoughts of the subject. The authors give a brief annals and some conflicting definitions of the phrase racial profiling. They believe that some of the definitions that other researchers use can be confusing and substantial to understand. Risse and Zeckhauser (2004) shows it is hard to prove racial profiling because law enforcement use the defense of suspicious activity not solely fish fillet somebody because of the race. The researchers believe that racial profiling can be used in some cases for the better public safety. The authors conclude that they do know that racial profiling does hurt the African American community, but al so believe that it does lower crime rates.DiscussionConstitution and LawThe topic of racial profiling has constitutional and criminal law issues need to be addressed. Oliver (2003) identifies the major constitutional issues the Fourth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment. The fourth amendment can be summarized as illegal search and seizure. In the case of Atwater v. City of Lago Vista the Supreme Court role that the police officers stop on this Atwater did not violate the fourth amendment because for minor criminal offenses a warrantless arrest is permitted (Oliver, 2003). The 14th amendment is known as the Equal Protection Clause and was developed for the protection of individuals no matter what their race or ethnic background was. This is been an issue because the 14th amendment has not been very competent to help the victims of racial profiling. The reason for this is because racial profiling is very hard to prove. Another issue when dealing with racial profiling is many plain tiffs lose cases dealing with racial profiling because they have not gathered enough solid research (Smith and Alpert, 2002).ConcernsMany concerns can arise when dealing with racial profiling because they can affect many people. Simmons (2011) discusses three of these concerns and they are as follows imposes a racial tax, impacts minority communities, and impacts police citizen partnerships. When dealing with racial profiling the so-called racial tax many people in the community can suffer psychological and emotional harms. This can be devastating to the individual because they can make them feel unwanted in the community. The community also suffers because word can spread the police officers are profiling a certain race and then combine the criminal justice field falls. The concern that racial profiling has impacts on minority communities can be justified for some of the same reasons stated above. This is also concerned because the practice of racial profiling may lead to higher i ncarceration rates among the community (Simmons, 2011). This can be harmful to the criminal justice field for some of the same reasons stated above and can have an impact on correctional facilities because it may cause more overcrowding. Racial profiling impacts police citizen partnerships because the trust of the police falls to the individual and the community as a whole.Another concern the may arise with the topic of racial profiling can be the issue of airport security. The impact of not using racial profiling on certain races can have a abundant impact on the communities at large. This author believes that racial profiling is wrong in most cases but when it comes to protecting large groups of people should be used. If an individual board the plane with a bomb and was not racial profile this could have an impact on the criminal justice system as well. The boorish as a whole may feel that the criminal justice system do not do their job properly in stopping such an attack. unmat chable more concern could be the racial profiling of the teacher at a University. This can impact the victim because it makes them feel not welcomed at the institution because of the race and ethnic background. If students do not trust the teacher just because of their race, this can have an impact on the school community because lawsuits may arise. These lawsuits in turn will have an impact on the criminal justice field is a may tie up the courts.InitiativesSome initiative should be put into place to stop the practice of racial profiling. Most of the public believes the racial profiling should not be used in any shape or form. In order to combat this some sort of punishments may need to be put in place to stop profiling. One way to combat this practice could be to impose community service on individuals who commit racial profiling. This would not be a hard punishment to impose because it could help the community as a whole. Some logistical issues would be to find the appropriate c ouch for the individual to work on. This project could be in the minority community that the individual committed racial profiling against.A second initiative to help stop the practice of racial profiling is to impose fines. This would be easy to apply once the law was set into place. One of the issues that may occur though, is setting the correct amount of silver they should be fined against the individual who committed racial profiling. A third and final initiative could be shaming. This may be harder to implement because it is not well-known to the community. One of the logistical issues that may arise is getting adults to cooperate with the initiative. Most adults are not going to stand on the side of the road holding a sign that says Im a racial profiler. These types individuals would rather pay the fine first. Another issue is to find the appropriate place to hold shaming, such as a community square or popular mall. This author believes that if shaming should occur in the com munity that the individual committed racial profiling.CasesThere are many cases that consume racial profiling, but Atwater v. City of Largo Vista is one that has been studied many times. Gail Atwater was driving a pickup truck and was pulled over due to what the officer said was a seatbelt violation (Oliver, 2003). This is brought forth to the Supreme Court as a racial profiling case because a few weeks before the same officer pulled over Gail Atwater for the same violation. The issue was that all the passengers were belted in properly. Although the seatbelt violation on how to find $50, the Atwater family felt that they were racially profiled. The Supreme Court afterward ruled that the case did not involve racial profiling because warrantless arrests are permitted and minor offenses (Oliver, 2003).In a similar case of Terry v. Ohio police officer stopped three men that he thought and committed the crime just moments before. When the officer asked what their name was, they just ki nd of mumbled. The officer then proceeded to search the men and found a weapon on one of them in an inside pocket. Two the men were charged with carrying a concealed weapon and interpreted to the police station. The defense for the two men one of the charges dropped because of illegal search and seizure. This case made to the Supreme Court and later developed a Terry stop. This was the case that did not involve racial profiling but involved reasonable suspicion. The outcomes of these two trials did affect individuals because in one case someone was fined, and in the other they were put in jail.ConclusionAs discussed throughout this manuscript there are many problems and concerns that arise when dealing with racial profiling. This type of practice is still used very hard to prove. The concerns that were mentioned previously are one of the reasons that racial profiling should be stopped. This author believes that more research needs to be done in order to find the right way to combat this practice.ReferencesDurlauf, S., (2006). Assessing racial profiling. The Economic ledger. 116.Glaser, J., (2006). The efficacy and effect of racial profiling a mathematical simulationapproach. Journal of Policy Analysis Management. 5(2), 395-416.Higgins, G., Gabbidon, S., Vito, G., (2009). Exploring the influence of race relations in publicsafety concerns on public support for racial profiling during traffic stops. InternationalJournal of Police Science Management. 12(1). 12-22.Kim, P., (2004). Conditional morality? The American Behavioral Scientist. 47(7), 879-895.Oliver, S., (2003). The role profiling American society racial profiling Atwater v. Cityof Largo Vista the disappearing fourth amendment and its impacts on racial profiling.Journal of Law and Social Challenges. 5(1).Parker, K., Macdonald, J., Alpert, G., Smith, M., Piquero, A., (2004). A contextual study ofracial profiling. The American Behavioral Scientist. 47(7), 943-962.Ramirez, D., Hoopes, J., Quinlan, t., (200 3). Define racial profiling in a post September 11world. The American Civil Law Review. 40(3), 1195-1233Risse, M., Zeckhauser, R., (2004). Racial profling. Philosophy and general Affairs. 32(2), 131-170.Smith, M., Alpert G., (2002). Searching for direction courts, social science, in the adjudicationof racial profiling claims. Justice Quarterly. 19(4). 673-703Simmons, K., (2011). Beginning to end racial profiling definitive solutions to an elusiveproblem. Washiington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justive. 18(25).

Discussion On The Contribution Of Positivism Philosophy Essay

Discussion On The Contribution Of Positivism Philosophy EssayThe universe, everything will change this world everything goes. Society, as a large system, in science and technology bring forth increasingly developed, the rapid improvement of deals living standard, they to a fault forced us to face genius whatever other favorable problem The first is the living space needed for the growing and the existing living space very small contradictions, raising concerns about the hereafter of the Concerned and the real social problems which in like manner plague the people day after day, prompting people to reflect on these issues. Positivism is a merchandise of social change is that people argon a reflection of social issues, and its produce to the community has made great contributions to the ensuing also include the limitations of logical advantageousness. This examine will talk about the meaning and information of incontrovertibleness, and then it will show the contribution o f profitableness and its limitation. The essay also foc engagements every positivist who makes a signifi provoket contribution for logical positivism.When people want to know the contribution of positivism in society, then they hope to discuss critical of positivism. Firstly they should know what is positivism? What is it time to start, what atomic number 18 the reasons of origination, and other development? (J H Bridges, Robert Speller and Sons 1957) Positivism is a kind of sensory experience stress, rejection of Western metaphysics, the philosophical schools. Empirical positivism was as a form of expression, resulting in the 19th century, 30 to 40 years in France and Britain. Before that, I. Newton, D. Humes empiricism has been involved in experimental question, and the ahead of time 19th century French Utopian socialists H. Saint-Simon first use positivism. However, strictly speaking, the founder of positivism is the French philosopher, sociologist A. Comte. From 1830 onwa rds, Comte successively its six volumes of this deduction-based philosophy tutorial, marked the defining of positivism. In accordance with the views of Comte, positivism, broadly speaking, (Comte 1844) philosophical and political system by the composition, the former is the foundation, and next one is a huge system of purpose try to say that Comte founded positivism that is empirical philosophy. Comte that the history of mankind from superstition or metaphysics of science process. When the communities of scientists manage the society, people entered the reality phase.After Comtes positivism, Durkheim righted to be amended and created his cause new theory of social fact. What is social fact? (Hadden, p. 104) Durkheim defined social facts as things is the fact that external coercion, which is to create a collective strength sort of than from individuals. While they may non seem to be observable, social facts are things, and are to be studied empirically, not philosophically (Ri tzer, p. 78).Social Facts When I practice brother, husband, or citizens, when I carry out my contract, my responsibility, so I define the responsibilities, external to myself and my behavior, in law and custom. Even if they meet my own emotions, I incur that their subjective reality, which is still objective, because I did not create them, I just through my education, inheritance them. (Durkheim Rules, p. 1).As examples of social facts, Durkheim cites religious beliefs, currency used to undertake transactions, and factors such as the practices followed in my profession (Durkheim Rules, p. 2).These types of behavior or thought are not simply outside the individual, but, in addition, to give to force them to chatter his own virtue, his personal will to the transfer. (Durkheim Rules, p. 2). Subsequently, a number of philosophers and scientists of the Comtes positivist philosophy be revised to exclude an epistemological doctrine, promoting a new philosophy of science, at that place has been Machism and logical positivism.( J. T. Blackmore, R. Itagaki, and S. Tanaka 2009) E. Mach believe that the real science is a fine phenomenology, that is the exact description of a person feels, including this one from where they found some of the rules. He was conflicting to the introduction of atomic physics and chemistry, and to a positivist tone of voice, said You really see it? To the 20th century, Positivism and B. Russell and AN Whiteheads combination of basic mathematics and become the Vienna school of logical positivism lord. Therefore, the history of the positivism is separate into two types the early positivism known as the old positivism, logical positivism, also known as neo-positivism. Since the days of self-Comte, positivism, who has been graded to be organized on various subjects? From the oldest and the most basic physics to social sciences, each science are assumed to be restored to a sub-1 level, so almost all science and all branches of physics.Genially , (Comte 1844) positivist thought in general the pursuit of scientific facts can be observed, verifiable, and that the predictable future society must be good. Positivism on this attitude of society in the future there are similarities with the utopian socialism, positivism, the contribution of other obvious trend is that it track to track the development of science and scientific development process of the absorption of the factors conducive to philosophical reflection. In short, positivism is a major benefit from the development achievements of modern science and philosophy, but the birth of science to the philosophy of conversion factor is the overall development of modern Western society.The existence of things is a double-edged. Positivism defect is very clear First, (Alfred Schutz, George Walsh, and Fredrick Lehnert 1967) it over-emphasized the phenomenon, namely, the importance of perceptual knowledge, ignoring rational thought in the history of contributions to military pers onnel civilization. This caught in inductive way of thinking. Second, (M Weber 1978) it ignores the peoples cognisantness, particularly the limitations of perceptual knowledge, but to perceptual knowledge extended to the whole of human history. Means that as coarse as the positivism of cognition, in any era is all that can be perceived, but people know the reality not the case. Third, positivism not seems to realize that natural scientific approach congenitally deficient. Therefore, people can also make such a positivist criticism. Then positivism is not a panacea theory, is that many positivists themselves think so too, therefore, on some issues people can and must be positivism to the field of view, in some other issues people will need to use some other ways to solve the problem, such as rationalism, not only positivism.Then the famous positivist Comtes positivism is a kind of sensory experience stress, exclusion metaphysical schools of Western philosophy, Comte use it to try to distinguish and thus to replace the traditional philosophy of idealism and materialism. Comtes positivism is the idealism of Berkeley and Humes empiricism and Newtons mechanistic philosophy of combination. It is in this experience, tradition, inspired by the positivist philosophy of Comte from which extends the theory out. Positivism, empiricism has inherited the basic viewpoints of the past, that the origin of all the issues on the world belong to metaphysics, but only what is the philosophy of phenomenology should be studied. (A Comte 1988)Comte advocated everything should be based on the point of view the phenomenon as a starting point, only those who really based on knowledge are scientific. Positivist philosophy of Comte first three stages of the development of the human mind of the inspection, the chip is an empirical interpretation of the spirit. Comtes sociology, said that he was mainly from the positivist point of view, put forward the idea of building a modern society . In addition, (A Comte 1979)Comte is divided into social statics and social dynamics the two blocks of sociology, Social Statics study of social system and social social organisation, this is not to consider the social system of basic movement, to study the various components of the system between the roles and counterproductive law. It corresponds to the order. Social dynamics, which research development and changes in the social system, the laws, the core was social progress. This preeminence is not a distinction between two types of facts, but the distinction between two aspects of the theory order and progress, statics and dynamics, are always interrelated. However, (M J Smith 1998) Comte focus only on his own during this period of European cultural values, there is no more comprehensive look at the definition of positivism his study has limitations and is in a particular environment, a study is not comprehensive.(B Agger 2007) Durkheims contributions mainly have social facts , social aspects, and division of labour and sociological approaches. According to social facts and social aspects he has a strong social structure point of view, in every one of us is subject to these social facts, and how we must adapt to these means. Durkheim believed that the division of labor party does not lead to social disintegration, but the change in the form of social solidarity provides a useful method of study of modern society. However, there are some problems with his opinion such as actions, consensus, solidarity and common Consciousness. Although there are common ethical in our society in many aspects, there is one in similar circumstances, a person acting in various ways there are also many opportunities. Durkheim may be aware of this possibility, but he did not seem to have anything to say about the nature of human motivation. He was too concerned about the larger geomorphologic problem. human action or human action is unlikely that the theory is limited. Webers action or models, such as symbolic interactionism the most recent here, some of the methods will prove more useful. While doing thinking of Durkheim on social unity and a source of useful contribution, which usually seems to be his only concern. Durkheim and structure of the functional approach with the difficulties of the latter is almost completely ignored the conflict and power differences.(Laurence D. Smith 1988)Laurence D. Smith (Author) Visit Amazons Laurence D. Smith PageAfter Durkheim, logical positivism empirical basis in logic as a slam for reasoning, using probability theory to correct conclusions. It is believed that the scientific study of human behavior is the only correct way. Logical positivism that a question of fact that only recourse to observation alone. Lets say the logical positivism of the logical. Logic is an important tool for logical positivism. One is the scientific methodology of inductive logic, and the second is to create a semantic study of its inter pretation of the logic. (M.W. Wartofsky 1984) The scientific concept of logical positivism does exist significant deficiencies, in which one of the most fundamental flaws is the humanistic significance of science and humanistic values of neglect. In accordance with logical positivism of science and scientific interpretation of Marxism, Science was seen as a kind of beyond the human or higher than the human nature becomes a self-existing entity, or be deemed to be a kind of detached from the on which it depends and development of the human condition, needs and interests of the mothers thing In conclusion, Positivism is a manifestation of social progress, it is a kind of social development and peoples thinking, and positivism is a philosophical genre, which is the empiricism of the evolution. It is an important component of Western philosophy, but there are also right to criticize the views of positivism, Western scholars have also put forward their own views, New Kantianism, Function alism, Structuralism, Exchange theory Symbolic Interactionism Behaviorism and Post-modernism, etc., on the evidence ism expressed doubts and make their own good reasons. So people need to be more substantial look at these theories to better use than them.

Quality management of executive holloware

select management of executive holloww be1 Why is property key to administrator Holloware?Quality is important to Executive Holloware because they are one of the UKs leading suppliers of light up-quality holloware. They describe themselves as selling to a top land up market. As a result their products are priced high. Executive Holloware say their or so important product was a handmade silver-plated Georgian tea set priced at over 400. It is implied that this is the most expensive product and thats why they thought it was the most important. This could be a misguided opinion. It could get been the companys trademark, the item which made the brand in this case you could have called it the most important because without it, there was no brand.The entire product range was hand-made and it looks like this was a big part of Executive Hollowares brand image.Holloware is a term that refers to table service items such as sugar bowls, coffee pots, teapots and other metal items that go on a table. Holloware is traditionally constructed to finale a long time. It is typically made with thicker walls and more layers of silver-plate than other silverware. 12 What do you visualise by the term quality?The ISO9000 system describes Quality asThe degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements3The Ameri end society for Quality describes Quality asA subjective term for which each person has his or her own definition4In reality the definition of quality depends on your viewpoint. A client may look at quality in basis of design, how the product performs, or whether it lasts as expected. A producer may look at quality in terms of conformance to requirements and the cost of quality i.e. tittle and profits. A government may see quality in terms of safety or environment.In industry, quality is often measured using value e.g. number of features, reliability, aesthetics etc.The majority of definitions seem to agree that regardless of your viewpoint, t here is a set of requirements, whether it is conscious or sub-conscious, for which conformance is the goal. It is important to chthonicstand a range of peoples requirements both for a products customer base and within the company in design, manufacturing and other departments.3 How would you specify quality for executive holloware?A quality product for Executive Holloware is a product that is free from* Dimensional inaccuracies* Scratches* BruisesThe product must be free from defects if a customer is to be proud of presenting it on their dinner table. Customers use the product to give their dinner tables a touch of class and give their guests the impression that no spending has been devoidd.In terms of the Georgian tea set, the product should be made of a layered silver-plate, other products are made from pewter or stainless steel.4 What are the underlying causes of the jobs at Executive Holloware?One of the main fusss is that there is no dimensional / defect inspection carried out until the product is fast for shipment. Too many problems are getting ignored during the manufacturing processes and the product is getting passed down the line with defects.It appears that there is no quality control data generated during the processes until the end of the production line. For this company, the data would not have to be complex, just a numerical count of defects and practicable reasons. in that respect definitely seems to be a overlook of control map knowledge.The problems with defects are causing a massive amount of rework, which costs the company money as work is being done twice, this should be virtually unnecessary.The culture of the workforce is wrong. It appears that this stems from the top as the Production Director, Andrew Keegan, is constantly pressuring them to speed up production. This give not work if the quality is not under control. It will only multiply the problem or even increase the percentage of rework. It is a reactive culture with pe ople only reacting to problems with the finished product.There seems to be a blame culture affecting the workforce too. Nobody wants to help with the root causes of the problem they just want to blame somebody else. This could be because the workforce doesnt feel empowered to do anything about the quality problems. They cant stop production if they notice a problem because they will get diabolic for a loss of production time.The workforce may be paid per item they get through their station. This is the case in so many industries of this kind. The problem with that is that the workforce is inclined to rush jobs because they know that if there is rework then they will get paid again.Another problem is that when a defect is form the workforce has no way of knowing if it is out of tolerance or not because there is no specification. There are no limits.5 How should Executive Holloware measure quality at each stage of the process?Statistical Process Control should be used to take period ic samples from the processes and spell sample points on a control chart. It can then be determined whether the process is within limits. Variability is inherent in production processes and the make is to lessen the division to random causes. Three quality characteristics have been highlighted in section 3 which can be measured. A specification needs to be drawn up so that the workforce can decide which defects are failures and which are not. There needs to be a set of tolerances for problems like dimensional inaccuracies. The workforce withal needs to be provided with measuring equipment to assist with this. A process control chart can be used as shown in Figure 51. The process would be in control if no sample points lie outside the limits, most points are near the average, and there are an equal number of points above and below the centre line.A histogram can then be created to visually show which problems are most significant. A Pareto depth psychology could also be done to w ork out which problem is costing the most. Using control charts at each stage it will be possible to pinpoint at which stage defects are caused. A Fishbone diagram could then be used to show all the causes of a particular quality problem. tout ensemble these visual aids are useful for meetings to aid effectively communicating the message to everybody present.Another approach to quality control is acceptance sampling. This can also be used on a random basis to measure the % defective. As the products are intended to be top quality and supplied to a top end market, this is not really suitable especially with the bountiful number of non-conforming products.6 What steps would you advise Paul Stone to take to improve quality?The basic four steps from the Total Quality Management theory should be used* whole tone 1 Collect and organize data* Step 2 Identify problematic components or maintenance processes* Step 3 Analyse data after maintenance process monitoring* Step 4 Action plan 5The management should ask themselves the 5 Whys each time there is a problem with quality. The 5 Whys is a technique that doesnt involve go on statistical tools, and in many cases can be completed without a data collection plan. By repeatedly asking the question Why at least five times, you can peel away the layers of symptoms which can lead to the root cause of a problem. 6Paul should advise management to instil a new culture into the workforce. The workforce should be empowered to report problems and stop production if they feel there is a problem. They should also be involved with problem resolution because it has been proven that if a workforce feels more involved then they are more likely to use their process knowledge to come up with solutions for themselves. This would increase morale and is a basic TQM (Total Quality Management) philosophy. There could be daily meetings for each production unit to go through control chart data. There could then be monthly meetings for the entir e staff which will make everyone feel involved and issues can be discussed between departments. Installing a continuous advance mentality should be the goal.Quality control data as discussed in section 5 should be analysed and used to direct resources for improvement efforts. Specifications need to be created for each product stating tolerances for defects of different types and in different locations on the product. Appropriate metrics need to be identified so that problems can be measured against a standard.There could be cause for a pay restructuring so that workers are paid a fixed rate instead of per item. Bonuses could be introduced based on quality production targets as a different type of incentive.Andrew Keegan should be advised that if the efficiency of the process is increased, then this will bring an increase in productivity. Cycle time should also be increased because there will be fewer problems during processes and rework should be rare.The spare capacity introduced from the lack of rework could then be used to increase production and for new product development.It may be possible to reduce workforce which will lower costs and increase profitability. Increased production means increased turnover.One study by the University of Manchester states that success in applying the quality tools and techniques discussed relies on* In-depth knowledge of the process* Formal training in problem solving techniques* Appropriateness of tools selected for use* Application of simple models at all levels in the shaping to aid communication and learning 7If this is true then there needs to be formal training of statistical process control and problem solving techniques generally. There must also be involvement from all levels of the organisation.The cardinal Sigma theory can be used to help this organisation as hale and can be applied to all stages of the problem solving process. The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) methodology can be used. sixer Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing, which is exactly what this company needs to do. As quality assurance manager, Paul should take the lead role in this. The six sigma tools matrix (see delay 61) can present a clear roadmap for the problem solver, especially if the problem solver is a novice (Black Belt or Green Belt).Six Sigma may be an appropriate strategy to base the work on but not in place of TQM because, as Dr Rick L. Edgeman from the University of Idaho saidSix Sigma is a highly structured, information-driven strategy for product, system and enterprise innovation and design. In contrast I would say that TQM seeks to satisfy customer needs continuously by providing what they desire at the lowest possible cost as a result of involving a critical mass of the organizations human resource. 8Different aspects of both of these methodologies / strategies will be he lpful for this company.The steps discussed in this section should have a positive effect on the shops as they will be more self-confident in the product they are selling, and the end users.Works Cited1. Encyclopedia Britannica. Holloware Article. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Online Cited 7 December 2009. http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269441/hollowware.2. AtlanticHospitality.com. Holloware. Atlantic Hospitality. Online 2003. Cited 7 December 2009. http//atlantichospitalityinc.com/images/on_halloware/EJAZZ.JPG.3. internationalist Organization for Standardization. Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary. 2005. ISO 90002005.4. American Society for Quality. ASQ Glossary Entry Quality. 5. E. Vassilakis, G. Besseris. An natural covering of TQM tools at a maintenance division of a large aerospace company. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 2009, Vol. 15, 1.6. EMS Consulting Group. Problem Solving. Lean Manufacturing Consulting and Training. Onli ne 1 February 2006. Cited 7 December 2009. http//www.emsstrategies.com/dd020106article.html.7. Greatbanks, David R. Bamford and Richard W. The use of quality management tools and techniques a study of application in everyday situations. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management. 2005, Vol. 22, 4.8. Antony, Jiju. Six Sigma vs TQM some perspectives from leading practitioners and academics. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2009, Vol. 58, 3.9. Catherine Hagemeyer, John K. Gershenson, Dana M. Johnson. miscellanea and application of problem solving quality tools. The TQM Magazine. 2006, Vol. 18, 5.

Reunion by John Cheever :: English Literature Essays

Reunion, by John Cheever, is a story told through the eyes of a young boy, Charlie, who is recalling a meeting with his get who he hasnt seen for more than than three years. It is set in New York where Charlies father lives. He meets up with his father during a stop over amidst trains. In the first paragraph we are introduced to Charlie and his father. Charlie is very much looking forward to meeting his father who he hasnt seen since his parents divorced three years before. He was a stranger to me, shows that Charlie is anxious about his upcoming meeting with his father. But he then goes on to study But as soon as I saw him I felt he was my father. This then implies to the reader that Charlie is a little more relaxed when he sees his father. This sentence is so powerful because of its use of the word father. The strong connotations, which are related to this word, express the relationship between the two characters. At this stage of the story we are compelled to feel a little bit sorry for Charlie who has been separated from his father. Charlies father is also introduced in the first paragraph. He, who is never given a name during the story, forms the image in the readers mind of a high-flying businessman. Cheever relays this image with the use of formal language during the communications between Charlie and his father, His secretary wrote to say that he would meet me at the information booth at noon. This in contrast to the less formal style of pen used when Charlie is involved, at 12 oclock sharp I saw him coming. That last quote also shows that his father is punctual which strengthens the businessman stereotype we have already placed him in. Early on we are lead to believe that Charlie and his father are happy to see each early(a) and have a good relationship with quotes such as, I was terribly happy to see him again and Hi Charlie, Hi boy But these attitudes towards father and son are short lived. Towards the end of the first paragraph we begin to g et more of an insight into what Charlies father is really like. The first caseful of this is Id like to take you up to my club, but its in the Sixties, and if you have to catch an early train I guess wed better get something around here.

Negative Aspects of Cell Phone Use :: Cellular Telephone

Many Americans enjoy the sense of security and organization that they feel their mobile phone phones give to them. They like being able to variety their schedules on the go, to countenance a phone in case of emergency, to withstand a guide in case they get lost, and to take part in the upcoming technological wave that our world is enduring. People like to be up with the times, and always enjoy having a new toy. The only problem is, around people overlook the potentially serious outcomes stemming from cell phone use and abuse. According to researchers, ?there are currently eleven million cellular uses in the United States and another 500 million world-wide?. Although cell phones are so popular, there is still a small population of people who believe that cell phones are more of a burden than they appear to be. Some people believe they leave their lives and schedules open for constant change and nagging, almost like a telemarketer calling during dinner time. Cell phones can become problematic when they intrude at movies, at the opera, at restaurants, and in other socially unacceptable places. Teachers straight worry that students are distracted at school, and can even use their phones to help them cheat on exams and chat privately with other students. Cell phones have surely taken away a certain quality of life that many Americans remember- a time when your schedule was set in a stone, a time when it was quiet in the movies, and a time when people had more actual face-to-face communication. I can even remember what it was like originally a had a cell phone, and sometimes miss those aboveboard sincere human communications. Text messaging has now become a way to flirt, gossip, and has replaced simple every day communication. Some people even prefer it to actually speaking, due to the fact that they feel less pressure and do not have to actual be subject to responses.There are also actual life and death situations to consider in terms of cell phone dangers. I have heard that talking on a cell phone will driving a car is like having three alcoholic beverages and therefore driving. The National Highway Safety Administration admits that nearly 85 percent of cell phone owners use them while driving. Many states have been working to fling cell phone use for motorists, and the fact that people are outraged by this is somewhat disturbing.