Domestic violence vs law enforcement Research Paper

Abusive behavior at home versus law requirement - Research Paper Example â€Å"Domestic viciousness incorporates misuse incurred on companions; kids; more established or in any case defenseless grown-ups, including guardians; and some other people also arranged to a life partner, kid, or parent. The harsh direct might be physical, sexual, passionate, or financial† (Kruger and Valltos). Verifiably, abusive behavior at home has been dealt with diversely by various individuals on account of various strict convictions and societies. For instance, in Islamic convictions, the ladies are not getting enough opportunity and the guys regularly tormented their spouses. It was/is hard for a Muslim lady living in an essential society to enlist a grievance against her better half regarding abusive behavior at home. Male mastery was so noticeable before and in Muslim societies, however even in different societies additionally, ladies feared enlisting grievances about their spouses. In any case, such convictions are gradually reducing and due to the endeavors of w omen's activists and presently ladies see no threats in enlisting grumblings about the injurious practices of their accomplices. â€Å"In the most recent twenty years open strain to perceive aggressive behavior at home as a wrongdoing, as opposed to a family issue kept on becoming because of instructive endeavors by casualties and advocates†(Hunt, p.ii). ... He will attempt to join such encounters with each aggressive behavior at home occurrence he may research. Along these lines he will frequently neglect to discover the idea of the wrongdoing or the genuine offender answerable for the wrongdoing. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment gives that no state will deny to any individual inside its locale the equivalent assurance of the laws. If a lady can demonstrate that a police office has a sexual orientation based strategy of declining to capture men who misuse their spouses, she can guarantee that the approach depends on sex generalizations and subsequently disregards the equivalent security laws (Domestic Violenceâ€The Laws and the Courts - Landmark Legal Decisions) Different states have various laws as for abusive behavior at home. A few states treat even basic household issues as genuine cases while some different states may disregard basic episodes as for aggressive behavior at home. Be that as it may, in a larg e portion of the cases, captures are regular for genuine aggressive behavior at home cases. Probation, treatment programs, fines, paying compensation to the person in question, prison sentence and so forth are a portion of the normal methods for rebuffing the offenders in abusive behavior at home cases. Liquor fixation or chronic drug use can cause abusive behavior at home. In such cases, disciplines will never be an alternative; the law upholding organizations select treatment programs in such cases. Guiding is another significant choice accessible in tackling aggressive behavior at home cases. In a large portion of the cases, the relatives draw in is savage exercises in light of the flitting loss of control or irritability. In such cases, it is indiscreet to rebuff the criminal since the discipline will produce retribution in the psyche of the lawbreaker and he/she will never

Almanac essays

Chronicle articles Banneker was conceived November 9, 1731 out of a little town close Ellicotts Lower Mills in Maryland. Banneker's grandma, Molly Walsh was a house cleaner in England. She was sent to Maryland as a contractually obligated slave. At the point when her arrangement finished following seven years, Molly Walsh purchased a homestead. She brought two captives to assist her with the activity of the homestead. Molly before long liberated the slaves and wedded the slave named Banna Ka. Sooner or later, the couple had a few youngsters one of which named Mary. Mary experienced childhood with her mom's homestead and hitched a slave named Robert. Mary and Robert Banna Ka turned into the guardians of Benjamin. Their names later changed to Bannker. His Whelch grandma instructed him to peruse and compose. He showed himself math and cosmology. Benjamin's folks were various nationalities. At six years old Banneker moved away from his grandma. His folks, three sisters and he moved to Baltimore County, Mar yland. They proceeded onward a tobacco ranch so a large portion of his life was spent on the homestead. Benjamin wanted to peruse. The greater part of his affection for perusing was found out as he read the Bible. Banneker additionally cherished math. At 21 years old, Banneker assembled a striking clock. In 1789, when he was 58 he precisely anticipated a sun based shroud. At the point when he was 59, subsequent to acquiring his father's tobacco ranch, he showed himself stargazing. He constructed himself a work-lodge with a lookout window to examine the stars and make figurings. At the point when he was 60 he helped review the Federal Territory, which is currently the District of Columbia. In a letter to Thomas Jefferson in 1792, Benjamin required the abrogation of subjugation. At the point when he was 61, he distributed his first chronological registry. He was a liberated dark and the vast majority of his life was spent as an independently employed tobacco grower. For quite a long t ime Benjamin Banneker has been classified the principal Negro man of science. When Benjamin was 21, he was propelled by a business partner's pocket watch and chose to fabricate a clock. Despite the fact that he didn't have the foggiest idea how one functioned, he dismantled the watch... <!

THIS. IS. 18.02.

THIS. IS. 18.02. In case you haven’t been able to tell by the lack of bloggage across the board, people have been a little hosed here the last week and a half. Last week’s morale went something like an inverse bell curve centered around Thursday night (“I HAVE 3 PSETS DUE TOMORROW THAT I HAVEN’T STARTED. WHY DID I COME TO THIS SCHOOL.”), and with classes wrapping up today, a lot of people have been having final projects due this week. Outside Cafv © 4 yesterday: Me: Hey, how are you doing? May 11 (grinning): Hiii. I haven’t slept in 2 days. So last night, I had 3 Monsters, and I just sort of wandered around the floor for a while trying to work some of it off. All present: May, you need some sleep. May: But my paper’s on The Lion King! All: May. SLEEP. You get the point. It’s been a little rough here lately. But it’s not like we’ve just been working. With the end of the semester comes the end of some fantastic classes. Yan blogged about Eric Lander’s last lecture in 7.012 (that man is fantastic- TAKE THAT CLASS), and I am officially done with 8.01 TEAL as of yesterday. My sentiments regarding TEAL will have to wait for another entry, though, I think. On Tuesday, though, was an equally important last lecture- Professor Auroux, perhaps the cutest little brilliant French man I have ever laid eyes on, had our last review lecture for 18.02, Multivariable Calculus. In the interest of full disclosure, I have had a mild crush on him since my second lecture in attendance. My first was spent fascinated with his accent, and then I went home and found out that he’s only 31 and plays the piano fantastically and he won me over entirely. I mean all this in the least creepy way possible. But EVERYONE loves Professor Auroux-not only are his lectures good, which is enough to win most people over, but he’s also adorable. And when people love a professor, things are bound to be done to inform that professor of their love. The class of 2010, for instance, opted for a more, uh, explicit declaration of their love of Auroux. Literally. Our class, however, staged quite possibly the nerdiest, most MIT thank you anyone could ever have thought up. And it was epic… also literally. So Professor Auroux: je taime. (And if you could pass me, too, that’d be great.)

The Character Development of Milkman Essay - 934 Words

In Song of Solomon Toni Morrison tells a story of one black mans journey toward an understanding of his own identity and his African American roots. nbsp;This black man, Macon Milkman Dead III, transforms throughout the novel from a na#239;ve, egocentric, young man to a self-assured adult with an understanding of the importance of morals and family values. nbsp;Milkman is born into the burdens of the materialistic values of his father and the weight of a racist society. nbsp;Over the course of his journey into his familys past he discovers his familys values and ancestry, rids himself of the weight of his fathers expectations and societys limitations, and literally learns to fly. Morrison sets the stage with many†¦show more content†¦nbsp;Ironically, due to his familys wealth and status, he is very disconnected with the black oppression that the rest of his culture feels even though he himself is much like a slave to his father. All that Milkman knows of his familys roots are the facts that they originated in Virginia and his grandfather was killed on his farm in Pennsylvania. nbsp;He knows nothing of his ancestors struggles with oppression and slavery. nbsp;Therefore he does not understand or appreciate his African American heritage. When Milkman is in his thirties he does, however, learn of a story of the possibility of gold being hid in a cave in where his father grew up. nbsp;Milkman believes that if he finds this gold that he will have the wealth and power that he needs to be free of his fathers rule. nbsp;What Milkman doesnt realize is that not only is he about to embark on a gold hunt for gold he is also on a gold hunt for his identity. Milkmans journey starts in a town called Danville. nbsp;Danville is the town where his father grew up and his grandfather was shot by white land owners. nbsp;In Danville Milkman learns a lesson about hospitality by the revered who takes him in for no reason other than to help him. nbsp;In Danville he also meets Circe who was his fathers caretaker after the death of his grandfather. nbsp;Circe fills in some of the gap in Milkmans heritage by telling him theShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Character Development In Song Of Solomon1161 Words   |  5 PagesSong of Solomon’s protagonist Milkman plays a crucial role in the novel’s major focal point of character development. The novel can be appropriately labeled a Bildungsroman due to its clear and continuous creation of Milkman’s characteristics. Throughout the text readers can see changes made within the character, such as his reactions to situations and the language he uses when he is talking and thinking. Milkman comme nces the novel as a confused, spoiled young man who feels he deserves the worldRead MoreCharacter Development In Song Of Solomon1739 Words   |  7 Pagesthem in their adulthood. These transitions cause character development within the protagonist, Milkman Dead. In the bildungsroman, or coming of age, novel Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, Milkman evolves from an ignorant and selfish being to a responsible and caring man. While trying to become an independent man, he both socially and personally developed. Macon Dead III, or otherwise known as Milkman, starts off growing into an egotistical character. As much as he tried not to be like his fatherRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon1374 Words   |  6 Pagesof adulthood. It does not always coincide with society’s definition of an adult and adduces more to the psychological and moral growth of an individual. In life, experiences and influences are said to be the factors that help in developing ones character. Things that on the surface may not seem to have lasting effects are usually the most impressionable of situations. Though personality traits derived from cultural experiences are often seen early on in life, they can continue to develop and evolveRead MoreMilkman Character Analysis981 Words   |  4 Pagesthe dispute is whether or not learning your history can influence your individual character. The currents of an ocean allow for the construction of any destiny; Pilate symbolized the strong current that dr ove Milkman’s ship to safe grounds. In the novel, â€Å"Song of Solomon† by Toni Morrison, even though Macon Dead III â€Å"Milkman† is the protagonist, Pilate Dead, Milkman’s aunt plays the essential role to the development of the novel. In other words, she becomes the stimulator of the novel’s main issuesRead More Essay on Flight in Song of Solomon1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthis book, to feel this experience (Tate 125). But Morrison also indicates in each of her novels that images of the zero, the absence, the silence that is both chosen and enforced, are ideologically and politically revelatory. Morrisons male characters ... imagine themselves in flight and are almost all in love with airplanes. ... In the tradition of black literature since Richard Wrights Native Son, however, the privilege of flight, at least in airplanes, is mostly reserved for white boys. BlackRead MoreSong Of Solomon, By Toni Morrison1242 Words   |  5 Pagesof Solomon, Toni Morrison depicts the many aspects of self-actualization, and the difficulties of growing up in a maltreated life. The story revolves around generations of black family in the south during the segregation of whites and blacks. The character of Macon Dead jr., suffers from a sheltered life. Macon jr., is unaware of his family’s history, and the cruel reality of mistreatment during segregation. In the sheltered and confusing environment Macon jr., lives pushes him to find the authenticRead MoreThe Development Of Memory And Truth. After Doing Research1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Memory and Truth After doing research on Post Traumatic Stress disorder, there seemed to spark a striking argument of truth in memory based on how it is retrieved and convoluted with people’s previous perceptions. Truth and fact can be altered based on one’s viewpoint of a subject and preceding experiences. Authors can portray common themes in novels using drastically different methods such as character development, stylistic structures, and literary devices. In the novelRead More Essay on Milkman’s Search for Identity in Song of Solomon653 Words   |  3 PagesIdentity in Song of Solomon      Ã‚   Song of Solomon tells the story of Deads unwitting search for identity. Milkman appears to be destined for a life of self-alienation and isolation because of his commitment to the materialism and the linear conception of time that are part of the legacy he receives from his father, Macon Dead. However, during a trip to his ancestral home, â€Å"Milkman comes to understand his place in a cultural and familial community and to appreciate the value of conceiving ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Frank Sargeson s Short Stories Conversation With My Uncle Cats By The Tail 1544 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify, analyse and critique the similarities and differences of four Frank Sargeson’s short stories: ‘Conversation with my Uncle’, ‘Cats by the Tail’, ‘A Piece of Yellow Soap’ and ‘Chaucerian’. Many things intrigued me about Sargeson such as: the development of anecdotes into short stories, the transcript of the New Zealand colloquia l language, and the use of simple words leading to a breathtaking level of complexity in his stories. But what impressed me the most was the fact that he almost never referredRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blues 1510 Words   |  7 Pagessocially and academically involved. In â€Å"The Two Offers† by Frances E. W Harper, her character Laura Lagrange who has to decide on if the married life is truly what she wants, would the man she marries agree with her desires of making a home? In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin, two brothers are defined by their life choices in which were influenced by society. â€Å"Song of Solomon† by Toni Morrison’s main character Milkman, has a coming of age story, in which he finds out what and where his home really

Nutrition Intervention For Children / Adolescents - 937 Words

1. Nutrition Intervention for Children/Adolescents: Nutrition is a very important topic for children and adolescents to understand, especially in West Virginia where 35.7% of adolescents ranging in age from 10 – 17 suffer from obesity (West Virginia State Fact Sheet, n.d.). It is critical that the importance of nutrition be understood, because obesity is the cause of various health problems. Creating an intervention for nutrition can be tricky because like most other aspects of physical health, a great deal of nutrition is learned at home. You have to look at the different factors that contribute to nutrition and try to pin point exactly what aspect needs changed the most. Luckily, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition has already created an intervention that uses both subjective and objective measures to obtain accurate results. The America Journal of Clinical Nutrition published an article that was titled, â€Å"Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment for Children†, where they did a study that focused on assessing the nutritional status of adults for both clinical and research purposes (Secker Jeejeebhoy, 2007). The study was designed to evaluate the preoperative nutritional status of 175 children that ranged in age from 31 days -17.5 years old. The children in the study had underwent either major thoracic or abdominal surgery with the use of the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) and the commonly used objective measures. Each child in the study hadShow MoreRelatedPreventing Obesity among School Children through Healthier School Meals1323 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing Obesity Among School Children through Healthier School Meals Obesity and overweight are among the pressing health problems among children and adolescents in the developed world. Obesity refers to an excess amount of body fat whereas overweight can be measured by the BMI index or height-weight ratio. According to the WHO (2012), obesity and overweight are the fifth largest risk for global deaths. Introduction Obesity and overweight among children and adolescents has increased to more thanRead MoreIndividualized Medical Nutrition Therapy For Adolescents With Type I Diabetes897 Words   |  4 Pages Individualized Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adolescents with Type I Diabetes: A Possible Means to Improve Self-management of the Disease Danielle R. O’Reggio-Christopher Rutgers School of Nursing NURS 6060, Clinical Inquiry for Evidence Based Practice Professor A. Forrester October 10, 2015 Introduction Type 1 Diabetes affects large numbers of children and adolescents nationwide. Gan, Albanese-O’Neil and Haller (2012) describe Type 1 diabetes (T1D) as: â€Å"an autoimmuneRead MoreBusiness Proposal From Unite Against Obesity: A Nonprofit Organization for Prevention of Pediatric Obesity1705 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst Obesity, recognizing the prevalence of pediatric obesity in our own community has decided to launch series of programs and well-researched interventions that will target guardians and children at risk in our community. Review studies on the efficacy of interventions (e.g. Boon Clysedale (2005) indicate that most childhood obesity interventions produce only meager results, creating the need for better well-researched and more effective programs that are catered towards a specific age andRead MorePolicy Priority Issue : The Childhood Obesity Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesof obesity is increasing globally. In 2013, the number of overweight children under the age of five was estimated over 42 million. Childhood obesity can cause premature death and disability in adulthood. Overweight and obese children will grow up to become obese adults and are more likely to develop diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at a younger age. Many factors can contribute overweight and obesity in children, however a global shift in dietary habits and lack of physical activityRead MoreNutrition Education And Health Promotion779 Words   |  4 Pages Project Background and Description Nutrition education and health promotion are frequently advocate among adolescents to prevent diabetes, obesity and induce healthier behavior change. Nutrition intervention programs are often reinforce by health educators or teachers to reiterate the importance of healthier dietary practices among teenagers. This interventions are established frequently due to the nutritional vulnerability of this group. Indeed adolescents’ intense nutritional requirements forRead MoreNutrition And Motivational Interviewing : The Health And Healing1273 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition and Motivational Interviewing in Adolescence Health and Healing 1 Georgian College Harrison Klein 200321230 Although we all know what nutrition is, are we nutritious? Do we have the education and knowledge to be nutritious? A lot of people do not, and that is why this topic is relevant to society, especially adolescence. No matter what, good nutrition is essential for everyone, but it is especially important for growing teenagers. Proper nutritionRead MoreChildhood Obesity Has Been A Popular Topic Of Conversation859 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity has been a popular topic of conversation in the United States for the last decade. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) about 12.7 million children and adolescents are considered obese, representing approximately 17% of the total childhood population. Sadly in a small community in upstate South Carolina (SC), this statistic is well demonstrated. Defined Community The objective of this exercise is to affect change withinRead MoreThe Effect Of Nutrition On Children And Its Economic Impact1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Value of Nutrition in Children and its Economic Impact Nutrition is the elements in food and drinks that are essential for the body to function, grow, and sustain a healthy life. Proper nutrition is particularly important to children and the lasting effects of inadequate or poor nutrition can be detrimental to a child’s long-term health and well-being. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the physical and mental development of children and can have a striking impact as they progress through theirRead MoreChildhood Obesity Has Reached Global Epidemic Status1297 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Recent statistics have shown that childhood obesity has reached global epidemic status. In the United States alone, approximately 34% of adolescents and young adults are considered obese or overweight (Pbert et al, 2013). The rates are equally concerning across the world and appear to have rates that are disproportionate among minorities and low-income families. The root causes include factors that are genetic, environmental, societal and developmental, but it is largely causedRead MoreVulnerable Populations: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder914 Words   |  4 PagesPopulations: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Introduction: Today, we are seeing a rising increase in the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. What once used to be a rare disorder is now commonly recognized in the medical field as well as in the community. Not only is autism a health issue in itself, but many health issues come along with the disorder. This paper will discuss the description of the population, the top health issues and their relevance, and interventions and outcomes

How Globalization Affects My Life Free Essays

Globalization is the process in which different countries interact and connect with one another. This could be done through the process of international trading, companies forming bonds and partnering with one another, people being brought from one country to the other, and so on and so forth. This is how ideas, produce, and even money is brought from one part of the world to another. We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Affects My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although, nowadays it is through the integration and introduction of information technology– the rate in which this process has undergone and has been accelerated. With that, I think that the effects of what globalization personally has on me is mostly seen on my economic, socio-cultural, political, natural and environmental, and internet usage. Economic since globalization has helped businesses expand internationally and increase their sales whilst adding more branches to different countries. As a consumer, it has caused me to purchase more goods from those huge companies because of its reputation and convenience instead of going to small local shops for what I need. Although because of that, the amount of variety that we have is slowly decreasing as our country’s culture is dying. Secondly, it affects me in a socio-cultural aspect since today we are heavily influenced by the spread of ideas, values, beliefs, and practices coming from different countries. We can see the amount of impact that this has on us in the media such as tv shows and movies as well as in social media networking sites. It has changed our lifestyle, food and dress habits, and even our views on certain topics due to the influence that other cultures have on us. Thirdly, it affects me as part of the people in the political aspect since political globalization forms transnational governing bodies such as the United Nations and other economic activities. This allows the people to obtain financial support and international aid. Fourth, it indirectly affects me in the natural and environmental aspect since the institutions or organizations concerned with the environmental management practices are the ones that are in charge of the economic development of the country. Lastly, the use of the internet has affected me by changing or altering my views on certain issues due to the information that I read or people that I talk to online. All in all, globalization has had a huge impact on society as a whole and as individuals in the past couple of years. It has allowed us to view, interact, think, and even analyze situations or problems in a different manner. It has influenced the people to change and â€Å"blend in† with different people coming from numerous countries and cultures to better understand each other. It helps us open up to explore new worlds and gives us significantly more economic and financial opportunities to choose from. How to cite How Globalization Affects My Life, Papers

How I Met My Husband free essay sample

The story of â€Å"How I Met My Husband† by Alice Munro (1974), is a story about a young naive farm girl that had very little education or money, she was hired as a worker for a wealthy family. She finds love where and when she least expected to, all the while she was maturing into a lady. Edie get her first encounter with men and romance. The story is told in first person point of view, through the eyes of Edie and in some points in the story it is a more mature Edie telling the story. Edie is a fifteen year old girl that did not fare very well in school, so her parents decided to take her out of school after she finished the last in the class. Edie went to for Dr. and Mrs. Pebbles where she took care of the two children and cared for the home and the cooking. We will write a custom essay sample on How I Met My Husband or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The plot is the dynamic element in fiction, a sequence if interrelated, conflicting actions and events that typically build to a climax and bring about a resolution (Clugston, 2010). The plot in â€Å"How I Meet My Husband† is how a young innocent farm girl waiting for a gypsy pilot to write her a letter. She never hears from him again but still manages to find love while maturing and learning a life lesson. The plot seems to thicken when Alice Kelling showed up, who was the finance of the gypsy pilot (p. 94). I found the symbols in the story â€Å"How I Met My Husband† (Munro, 1974) to stand out very well. The first few paragraphs talk about the plane landing and the kids getting excited because they have never seen a plane close us. They also state the plane is red and silver and red symbolizes passion and danger according to our text book (Clugston, 2010). The story quickly changes. â€Å"All right,† said Mrs. Peebles, snappy as she always was when she got on her nerves. â€Å"Let’s go back in the house. Let’s not stand here gawking like a set of farmers (p. 6). † In paragraph 26 Edie talks about the light, how she loved the light and that the kitchen was not as dark and dingy has the one that she was used to. To me this symbolized that she was learning and growing into a young woman. Edie also speaks about the bathroom, the pink flamingoes, the warmth and softness of the mat, to me that symbolized happiness. â€Å"I put on rouge and lip stick and eyebrow pencil for her dresser. † That symbolizes excitement, growth, and beauty all of which Edie was feeling at that present moment (p. 31). The tone in the story â€Å"How I Meet My Husband† (Munro, 1974) changes all the way though. In the first few paragraphs, the tone is excitement, everyone is excited to see the plan land as they have never seen one that close before. In paragraph 6 the tone seems to change more to a dramatic tone, Mrs. Peebles is getting snappy with Edie, and Loretta Bird is being disrespectful (p6). When Loretta Bird arrives, Edie shows some prejudice, she speaks about what the Peebles thought about Loretta Bird â€Å"was a country woman† and that her husband was known for being a drinker and how they could not get credit at the â€Å"HiWay Grocery Store† (10). Loretta Bird states â€Å"People are going to be coming out her in their cars raising dust and trampling your property, if I was you I would complain† the tone changed there to a more annoyed character (p. 20). The theme of the story â€Å"How I Met My Husband† starts out as secrecy but then takes a twist to a love and heartbreak. Edie starts out succeeding at her job with the Peebles because she hides information from them. â€Å"The only thing that I didn’t like about working there, in fact, was feeling half hungry a lot of the time. † â€Å"I used to bring back a box of doughnuts made at home, and hide them under my bed. † â€Å"The children found out and I didn’t mind sharing, bit I thought I better bind them to secrecy (p. 26)†. Edie also shows secrecy again â€Å"I was disappointed to see no wedding dress (p. 30)†. The story takes a turn to a love story when Chris says to Edie â€Å"Well, I just wanted to tell you you look very nice. I was so surprised when I looked in the door and saw you. Just because you looked so nice and beautiful (p. 45). † The story becomes more of an intense love story when Chris put the cake away carefully and sat besides Edie and started kissing her all over her face, neck, eyelids, and neck. Chris wanted it to be a nice long time of saying good bye. â€Å"When we said good-bye I wasn’t all that sad, because he held my face and said, â€Å"I’m going to write you a letter. † This is where the story theme turns to heartbreak; Edie goes to the mailbox for what seems years waiting for the letter to come from Chris. â€Å"No letter was ever going to come (p. 199)†. In conclusion life has many twists and turns and you never know where they might lead you. In this story Edie thought she found her true love and she wasted so much time waiting for Chris to just write her the letter that she did not even realize the mailman was interested in her. If Edie would not have waited for the letter she may not have ever found her true love.

The role of management in organizational success

Abstract Management is an important element in the success of an organization. Therefore, it is imperative for organizations to integrate optimal management strategies. This report outlines the contribution of management to IBM’s success. The study takes into account various management aspects.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The role of management in organizational success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first section of the report outlines the significance of management in an organizations success. The second part outlines an analysis of various management concepts. Some of the elements evaluated include the managerial functions of planning, controlling, and organizing. The contribution of leadership, ethical behavior, and social responsibility to organizational success are also evaluated. Moreover, the importance of effective team management and communication in the organization are analyzed. Intr oduction Effective management is essential in a country’s economic growth as it contributes towards the establishment of synergy amongst the four factors of production, which include machines, materials, human capital, and money. Poor management may lead to a low rate of economic growth despite a country being endowed with substantial factors of production (Tripathi Reddy, 2008). Moreover, the future success and performance of organizations is subject to the competence of the organizational leaders. Tripathi and Reddy (2008) assert, â€Å"Management is the dynamic and life-giving element in every organization† (p.1). Therefore, it enables an organization to deal with issues that emerge in firms’ course of operation, for example employee conflict. Management also enables organizations to coordinate current business activities and plan for future occurrences.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first p aper with 15% OFF Learn More Tripathi and Reddy (2008) further opine that management aids organizations in their pursuit to develop an effective working environment. However, the degree to which an organization can be defined as successful with regard to management depends on how well it has adopted coupled with implementing various principles of management. Some of these principles relate to planning, organizing controlling, team management, communication, social responsibility, ethical behavior, and leadership. IBM ranks amongst the global market leaders in the information technology industry. Despite the high degree of volatility within the information technology industry, IBM has managed to sustain optimal financial performance over the past decades. The firm’s success is evidenced by the high rate at which it has ventured into different market segments. Aim This paper evaluates how IBM has integrated management. The analysis is conducted with reference to planni ng, organizing controlling, team management, communication, social responsibility, ethical behavior, and leadership. Analysis Planning Bose (2002) defines management as the process through which an organization projects what should be done in order to cope with future changes. Planning entails different aspects, which include formulating business objectives, determining the action to be undertaken and methods to be used in order to attain the pre-determined objectives, deciding on who will undertake the tasks, and how the results will be evaluated.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The role of management in organizational success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The intensity of competition in the global information technology industry requires firms in the industry to be effective and efficient with regard to planning. IBM has formulated a number of policies that it follows in the process of executing its planni ng function. First, IBM ensures that all managers at the top, middle, and lower levels of management undertake the process of planning for long-term and short-term objectives. In a bid to improve the planning effectiveness, IBM requires the top, middle, and lower-level managers to identify and propose possible modifications in the firm’s plans. Therefore, the firm promotes planning at departmental stages. The firm’s management has also provided employees with an opportunity to contribute to the planning process. Employees recommend and share their opinion on diverse corporate procedures and policies, which has played a critical role in improving the firm’s effectiveness in aligning itself with market changes. The firm’s effectiveness in planning has improved the potency with which it formulates operational policies, procedures, and financial and non-financial objectives. Furthermore, the firm prepares budgets, operational programs, and schedules effective ly. Planning also enhances IBM’s effectiveness in formulating alternative course of action. The futuristic characteristic of planning is critical in IBM’s effort to cope with changes that emanate from internal and external business environments.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Controlling Succeeding in the business environment requires firms to ensure that their operations are in conformity with the set principles, procedures, and plans, which can only be achieved if optimal control procedures are implemented. DuBrin (2009) argues that controlling is essential in a firm’s effort to achieve positive performance. IBM has adopted an effective control mechanism by establishing various standards of performance. In an effort to remain competitive, IBM has formulated a policy whereby employees are required to achieve predetermined targets within a particular period by developing a balanced scorecard that comprises specific key indicators. IBM evaluates the employees’ performance using the balanced scorecard at the end of the set duration. The evaluation is undertaken by comparing the set targets against the actual performance. Thus, the firm identifies possible deviations. Through controlling, IBM determines whether the employees are focused at the ir jobs. Comparing the set targets against the actual employee performance gives IBM insight on the action to take in order to ensure that the employees meet the set standards. Thus, control enables IBM to gauge the likelihood of attaining the set organizational goals. Tripathi and Reddy (2008) emphasize that lack of effective control limits a firm’s ability to determine whether the set objectives will be realized. Organizing This element constitutes the next step after implementing the plan. Tripathi and Reddy (2008) assert that the workforce has to be organized in order to implement the plan successfully. The organizing function enables a firm to bring together resources such as workforce and raw materials necessary to accomplish the predetermined goals. Therefore, staffing constitutes a key element in a firm’s organization effort. Tripathi and Reddy (2008) define organization to include the process of selecting and training employees. Moreover, organizing also entai ls establishing a strong relationship amongst the workforce. The relationship is developed by assigning responsibilities and instituting a form of authority. The employees get specific responsibilities from the corresponding authority to execute the task. IBM has a well-developed organizational structure that comprises a number of departments. Every department is assigned a specific role. However, all the departments collaborate with each other in undertaking their duties, and thus the firm is in a position to achieve synergy. Leadership and organizational success Leadership is vital in the operation and performance of organizations. Tripathi and Reddy (2008) define leadership to include the process through which organizational managers determine how they will impress the subordinates. The objective of leadership is to develop a high level of cooperation amongst employees hence increasing the likelihood of achieving the set goals. Effective organizational leadership enables an organ ization to attract, develop, and retain a strong workforce. Thus, the probability of an organization building a strong organizational brand increases. Below is an analysis of how effective leadership is essential in promoting organizational success. Effective leadership contributes to organizational success by enhancing a firm’s ability to cope with changes. Currently, the IT industry is experiencing an increment in the rate at which new IT products are being developed. Firms and individuals are investing in research and development in an effort to develop products that will address the existing market needs. In a bid to thrive in such an environment, it is critical for firms to implement the necessary changes. The type of leadership adopted determines the employees’ perception regarding the desired change and hence their level of commitment. Poor leadership may lead to employee resistance towards change hence affecting the organization’s competitiveness negativ ely. One of the elements that have enhanced IBM’s success relates to effective leadership. Since its inception, IBM has managed to develop and implement innovative leadership. Furthermore, the firm perceives challenging and complex situations as critical in its success. Consequently, it is capable of identifying potential business opportunities from the complex business situations. In a bid to exploit such situations, IBM values employees who are creative, imaginative, and innovative. Its choice of such employees hinges on the need to engage in continuous product development and improvement. However, this goal is only achievable if employees get an opportunity to exercise their ideas. Thus, IBM has adopted transformational leadership style. The transformational leadership style adopted by IBM has enabled the firm to be effective in its new and continuous product development. Organizational identification has considerable influence in the development of organizational behavior and hence the attainment organizational goals. Harrington (2006) defines organizational identity to include the distinctive and unique characteristic of an organization as perceived by employees. Positive organization identification influences the employees’ decision to continue working in a particular organization. The leadership style adopted increases the degree of congruence between employees and the professed organizational values. A high degree of fit between employees and the organizational values influences the level of employee satisfaction. Moreover, effective leadership improves the degree of cohesion and collaboration between employees. Thus, nurturing effective leadership enables organizations to build mutual trust, hence increasing cooperation and information sharing amongst employees, which culminates in improved organizational performance. The organizational leadership adopted does not only influence the degree of organizational identification amongst employe es, but also other external stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and the general public. Therefore, leadership influences an organization’s public image. IBM has developed â€Å"360 degree of trust† that cuts across all its constituents which include the clients, business partners, and communities. Some of the values that the firm has nurtured include integrity, trusting in the employees’ capabilities, positive intent, and accountability. Importance of team management and communication in the organization According to Harrington (2006), communication is the most important element in human resource management. Through communication, an organization is able to improve the level of transparency and cooperation amongst employees. Effective communication is essential in an organizations’ effort to achieve its goals and objectives. Thus, managers should nurture effective communication in order to perform their managerial functions, which include planning, leading, directing, controlling, and organizing more effectively. Organizations can adopt diverse strategies in developing their organization strategy. Some of these strategies include one-way, two-way, and five-way communication strategies. The five-way system is also known as the star communication system and is the most effective. The five-way system entails communication in five main directions, which include up, sideways, down, the customers, and suppliers. IBM has adopted the five-way communication system. First, communication ensures that employees are well informed about their duties, responsibilities, and the operational standards to follow in the course of executing the assigned duties. Moreover, communication enables organizational managers to inform the employees if their performance falls below expectations. Thus, it plays a critical in promoting motivation amongst employees. Secondly, communication aids in the development of an environment that is conducive for workin g. Nurturing effective communication enables employees to socialize with their colleagues. The likelihood of sharing new knowledge and information that is vital in the organization’s success increases. Therefore, organizations are in a position to formulate alternative course of action. Communication also plays a fundamental role in altering the employees’ attitude regarding their job and the organization in general. Well-informed employees are more likely to have a positive attitude regarding their job compared to insufficiently informed employees. In addition to the above elements, communication improves the effectiveness with which an organization implements the control function. For example, through communication, an organization ensures that the employees’ behaviors align with the set procedures and standards. In addition to communication, teamwork is another important aspect in the operation of an organization. Currently, organizations are increasingly ado pting teamwork in an effort to enhance their competitiveness. An organization can accrue a number of benefits through teamwork. First, a firm can improve the scope of work undertaken by employees on a daily basis. Through teamwork, employees share their talents and skills with their team members hence increasing the likelihood of attaining high performance. Secondly, teamwork contributes towards development of a strong workforce, as employees from different ethnicities and backgrounds can interact and work together. Such interaction improves the likelihood of an organization developing a strong organizational culture. In pursuit for high competitive advantage, organizations are increasingly adopting the concept of projects. The projects are designed to achieve a specific goal. For example, IBM invests in projects aimed at developing new information communication technologies. However, the success of such projects depends on the quality of teamwork implemented. Teamwork promotes orga nizational performance by providing organizations with an opportunity to develop a strong human capital. Currently, organizations can hire employees from different regions irrespective of physical distance due to the high rate of technological development, which has led to the emergence of virtual teams. Consequently, teamwork promotes organizational performance by increasing the likelihood of effective project management and coordination amongst project team members. Contribution of social responsibility IBM is cognizant of the importance of achieving sustainable growth. One of the ways through which the firm intends to achieve this is by investing in corporate social responsibility. Bose (2002) defines corporate social responsibility to include how organizations manage their operations in order to influence the society in which they operate. Corporate social responsibility is based on three main pillars, which include social, environmental, and economic actions. IBM has benefited in a number of ways by investing in corporate social responsibility. First, the firm has developed a positive reputation in the global market. A large number of individuals desire to work in the firm. Therefore, the firm has developed a strong workforce. Moreover, the employees’ level of productivity has improved significantly while the rate of labor turnover in the firm has reduced. Investing in corporate social responsibility has also played a critical role in minimizing regulatory influence from the government. Thus, the firm operates smoothly. Social responsibility has also led to improvement in the firm’s level of sales and customer loyalty by ensuring that the products being developed are of high quality. In summary, social responsibility has also contributed towards IBM becoming a â€Å"stakeholder balanced† organization hence achieving positive financial performance. Contribution of ethical behavior IBM is committed towards ensuring that all its operatio ns are ethical by being employee and customer-focused. First, the firm ensures that all its operations are focused towards customer satisfaction. In a bid to achieve this goal, the firm ensures that the products produced are of high quality. Secondly, the firm has implemented an effective customer service policy. Thus, IBM has developed a high level of customer satisfaction. Consequently, IBM has managed to develop a strong customer base hence increasing its sales revenue and profit. Similarly, the firm ensures that its employees are treated well. IBM has integrated a comprehensive employee reward system that comprises both financial and non-financial benefits. Secondly, the firm does not discriminate employees based on any demographic variable. Consequently, employees have developed a high degree of organizational identification hence improving their desire to stay in the firm. The firm operates in a manner that does not affect the society negatively. For example, the firm ensures that its operations do not contribute to environmental pollution. Consequently, its public image has improved significantly. Conclusion Effective management has played an essential role in IBM’s success. Despite this aspect, the firm cannot rule out the possibility of negative impacts emanating from the internal and external sources. However, firms can cope with such occurrences through effective management. Continuous review of the management strategies is paramount in order to make the necessary adjustments. Moreover, the management strategies adopted should focus on both the internal and external stakeholders, which will improve the firm’s market position and its competitiveness. Reference List Bose, D. (2002). Principles of management and administration. New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall. DuBrin, A. (2009). Essentials of management. Mason, OH: Thomson Business and Economics. Harrington, H. (2006). Resource management excellence: the art of excelling in  resource ma nagement. Chicago, CA: Paton Press. Tripathi, P., Reddy, N. (2008). Principles of management. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill. This report on The role of management in organizational success was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Who Believes In Fairy Tales Anyway

Once upon a long time ago, our ancient ancestors told their offspring the stories of the time. It was a form of the â€Å"news† and bonding. These stories included tales of war, the history of their culture, and religious views and practices. The stories also included romantic tales of great warriors and the fair maidens that they protected from evil while also upholding the crown. They included fanciful tales woven on the gossamer wings of fairies, dwarves, leprechauns, and trolls. These tales, passed down by verbal recount only, carried fact, faith, hope, and love through the generations that followed. Now no one knows which is fact and which is fiction. It has been proven that some of the tales were not true while archeological and historical studies have shown that some of the stories were in fact, true. In the Case of the Cottington Fairies, 1917, two English schoolgirls, 16-year-old Elsie Wright and her 10-year-old cousin, Frances Griffiths, produced photographs that, at the time, were endorsed by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (author of Sherlock Holmes) as authentic proof that fairies existed. Sixty years later however, the two girls confessed that the photos were a hoax (randi.org/library/cottingley). Caitlin Matthews (Van Gelder, 1977, 1999) discusses two instances of fairy encounters, which involved clergymen, one Catholic, and one Protestant. Today, the search for the â€Å"Lost City of Atlantis† continues based in part, on Zeus’s account that the Grand Island existed. (The Learning Channel, episode: Atlantis – The Lost City) Fairy tales span the globe. The fairies included in the tales vary in shape, color, and size. And in some cases their names vary as well. There are several fairies that contain the same characteristics from nation to nation and culture to culture. (Schorsch, 2000) â€Å"People in Africa told the same stories as people in China. People in Briton told the same stories as people in New Z... Free Essays on Who Believes In Fairy Tales Anyway Free Essays on Who Believes In Fairy Tales Anyway Once upon a long time ago, our ancient ancestors told their offspring the stories of the time. It was a form of the â€Å"news† and bonding. These stories included tales of war, the history of their culture, and religious views and practices. The stories also included romantic tales of great warriors and the fair maidens that they protected from evil while also upholding the crown. They included fanciful tales woven on the gossamer wings of fairies, dwarves, leprechauns, and trolls. These tales, passed down by verbal recount only, carried fact, faith, hope, and love through the generations that followed. Now no one knows which is fact and which is fiction. It has been proven that some of the tales were not true while archeological and historical studies have shown that some of the stories were in fact, true. In the Case of the Cottington Fairies, 1917, two English schoolgirls, 16-year-old Elsie Wright and her 10-year-old cousin, Frances Griffiths, produced photographs that, at the time, were endorsed by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (author of Sherlock Holmes) as authentic proof that fairies existed. Sixty years later however, the two girls confessed that the photos were a hoax (randi.org/library/cottingley). Caitlin Matthews (Van Gelder, 1977, 1999) discusses two instances of fairy encounters, which involved clergymen, one Catholic, and one Protestant. Today, the search for the â€Å"Lost City of Atlantis† continues based in part, on Zeus’s account that the Grand Island existed. (The Learning Channel, episode: Atlantis – The Lost City) Fairy tales span the globe. The fairies included in the tales vary in shape, color, and size. And in some cases their names vary as well. There are several fairies that contain the same characteristics from nation to nation and culture to culture. (Schorsch, 2000) â€Å"People in Africa told the same stories as people in China. People in Briton told the same stories as people in New Z...

Revenge in the Contemporary Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Revenge in the Contemporary Society - Assignment Example Shakespeare presents two pieces of artwork of Titus and Titus Andronicus who appears as a sordid tale of bloodthirsty revenge in political turmoil. The pieces of work present a turbulent scenario characterized by massive blood flows and unthinkable brutality. In the process of affecting the revenge, countless murders are reported, rape and terrible actions of fierce mutilation. Generally, the characters in both pieces of work of Titus Andronicus are the Romans and the vital captives that found their way to the Roman Empire after the ten-year war with the Goths. This integrated the Goth’s queen, Tamara, and her family members who were the painful bearers of the cold brutal murders, hence, creating the theme of revenge (Shakespeare 232). Shakespeare presents this theme as a plot in one of his earlier works which do not appear to be popular as the pieces of work are viewed as excessively violent which, in my opinion, appear to be the best setting for the theme. The story is quite powerful and juicy as moving though is not that dynamic as one may wish a player to be. Titus Andronicus is a Roman general, who is in charge of a leadership position in the army that fights the Goths and defeats them in cruel and bloody war. Before the war is finished Titus wants to execute the son of the queen of Goths, Tamara, who pleads for the mercy for her son as it is normally said that the pain of childbirth should be enquired from the mother. Titus though defies the pleas of the mother and goes ahead to kill Tamara’s son anyway (Shakespeare 157). After the bloody killing of Tamara’s sons by Titus, the queen swears to revenge on Titus’ kingdom and initiates a total bloodbath.  

Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Reading - Assignment Example The Philadelphia women bath painting depicts Renoir’s innovative power. The bathers in Philadelphia are aesthetically incongruous because all of the women are doing different things. Two women are resting under a tree near a riverbank while another girl is threatening to splash water on them (White 110). Additionally, the other women are seen wading in the river away from the rest of the women. Renoir recalls the Moulin de la Galette  of 1876, the  Luncheon of the Boating Party  of 1881, and the  Reclining Bathers  of 1918 (White 111). The works of art were hilarious and novel that the 1887 work of art, the Philadelphia Museum Bathers. The painting borrowed Boucher’s techniques of art in order to make the painting interesting. The split among the impressionist group led to the development of the Philadelphia Museum Bathers paint. According to White, the impressionists’ split made Renoir to develop a new form of painting, which could be appealing to the public (114). In this regard, he took three years to develop the paint. Renoir’s relationship with Aline and the birth of their son affected the Bathers painting in the sense that the painting took a longer time to paint than was anticipated. The proof of this is the fact that the Philadelphia Museum Bathers painting took three years to complete while the rest of the artiste’s painting took one year (White 114). Renoir sought to get progressively through his unique paintings and originality in painting work. Additionally, his irregularity with regard to the techniques applied also added to his novelty in the artwork. White posits that Renoir’s relationship with great artists like Boucher led to his development, especially in the impressionism development (115). Boucher prompted Renoir’s divergence from naturalism to new classicism. The legend positively inspired Renoir to explore classicism in a new perspective (White 118). Additionally, Boucher also gave Renoir insight pertaining to

Business Concept Rice Husk Electricity Production Environmental Sciences Essay

Business Concept Rice Husk Electricity Production Environmental Sciences Essay Most of us dont think much about organic refuse once disposed off. It is important to realize the importance of waste recycling, especially for power generation because it will pave way for preservation of the fast depleting natural resources. Organic materials from farm waste can very easily be treated to produce renewable energy. Biomass technologies make use of combustion processes for power generation and therefore can be harnessed at anytime unlike solar or wind energy which is dependent on natures whims. Ethanol can be extracted from crops which in turn is used to fuel cars powered by bio fuel and can also be used in producing electricity. Rice husk is generally used as solid fuel in combustion process by rice mills but around 50% still go waste. Many countries including Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Philippines use rice husk to produce electricity. These rise husks are used as fuel in small power generators that can be installed near factories and run by a small team. In Pakistan there are about 560 listed rice mills producing a large amount of waste in the form of rice husk which can be converted to producer gas by adapting simple technology of gasifiers and the equipment necessary for operations is cheap and can be easily procured locally. Hence, we are proposing the establishment of a business that will provide electricity by using rice husk that would otherwise be burned in the open air or left to decay. Biomass gasification system is being employed in order to generate electricity. Biomass gasification power generation  system adopts the draft-down fixed bed gasification furnace which saves electricity and operation is also convenient. Biomass gasification is a simple and relatively old process, in which biomass is heated to very high temperatures in an atmosphere of less than 1% oxygen. Under these conditions, it does not burn in flames, but turns into a producer gas. Next to the gasifier are four filters for cleaning tar and dust from the gas, and a generator in which the producer gas is used to drive a turbine and create electricity. Thats it. The plant proposed price is $1200 per KW. But the second hand plant is available at $600 per KW and $200 per KW is being charged to cover installment, structural changes etc. The total cost of building 200 KWH plant including set-up will be approximately Rs. 16 million. In 1st year the biomass gasifier plant is operated at average 70% capacity level. The projected cost of producing 1,176,000 KW/ year electricity will be approximately Rs 11 million that will yield income around Rs. 1,341,100. This project is very important from the Pakistan perspective. Pakistan has been facing an unprecedented energy crisis since the last several years. The problem becomes severe during the summers. Large numbers of users have to be disconnected from the energy supply system to prevent overloading the generating stations (load shedding). On occasions the urban dwellers had to suffer load shedding of 8-10 hours every day. During the same time rural consumers suffered it for up to 20 hours at a stretch. Such projects not only solve electricity problems, creates employment opportunities but also pave the way towards development. Throughout the world m of energy. It is a basic requirement for economic development and for an adequate standard of living. As a countrys population grows and its economy expands its demand for electrical energy multiplies. If this demand is not met adequately a shortage in supply occurs. 2.0 Introduction Every person is in the state of failure. Whether it is child who fails to get good marks in test or employee who has failed to achieve his target and get abominated by his boss whose business is suffering from losses. All this is happening in Pakistan because of one reason only, that is the electricity outages. Each day dozens of people are protesting on roads, outside the parliament, governor house, WAPDA, PEPCO to demand electricity round the clock. The role of electricity cannot be undermined in uplifting the economy of a country and improving the standard of living of its people. However many developing countries like Pakistan have been facing acute deficiency in electricity. Currently Pakistan is going through the crises of power outages causing destruction to our economy and increasing frustration amongst the people. At present, there is a dire need to explore alternative energy resources that are indigenous, cost effective, environmental friendly and quick to implement rather than just relying on dams that require long term construction process and heavy investments. The availability of heat and electricity forms an essential ingredient of a living society. The need for energy is ever increasing due to technological revolution occurring all over the globe. Hence, there is a pressing need to generate additional energy to bridge the supply demand gap. This calls for technologies, which is cost-effective and require less gestation period from conception to realization. Biomass is one such energy source that offers solutions matching the above requirements. Biomass has several aspects of utility in the society and there is substantive residue left unutilized after the societal needs are met with. Biomass is organic material, which has stored solar energy from sunlight in the form of chemical in the plants through the process called photosynthesis. Biomass fuels include agricultural wastes; crop Residues, Wood, Woody Waste Organic wastes etc. Unlike fossil fuels Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of carbon while growing. It is the cheapest, eco-friendly, renewable source of energy. Here we have a business plan to use indigenous alternate energy sources to generate electricity which is cost effective and quick to implement. Pakistan is a country of diverse ecology. Northern areas have rich reserves of pine trees littering their needles and foliage the years around and covering vast land with thick biomass. The cultivable plans of Punjab and Sindh are producing crops with biomass like rice husk, cotton waste, corn empty combs, shells of peanuts, almonds, apricot and dates, even household garbage which is thrown away. 2.1. Potential Benefits of Biomass: Reducing carbon emissions if managed (produced, transported, used) in a sustainable manner Enhancing energy security by diversifying energy sources utilizing local resources Reduced problem of biomass waste management Possible additional revenues for the agricultural and forestry sectors Biomass (plant matter) used to generate electricity with steam turbines and gasifiers or produce heat by direct combustion is a substitute for fossil fuels and has environmental and social-cost benefits. Combustion of waste has been used for many years as a way of reducing waste volume and neutralizing many of the potentially harmful elements within it. Combustion can only be used to create an energy source when heat recovery is included. Heat recovered from the combustion process can then be used to power turbines for electricity generation. The role of biomass in electricity production is very important by using wastes. According to Indian company the distribution and installation cost by using rice husk is around $1/W, one of the lowest in the world and replaces around 42,000 liters of kerosene and 18,000 liters of diesel per year. The company also claims that it plans to save about $50 million in two years by providing an alternative to kerosene and diesel. 2.2. Business Concept: RICE HUSK ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION Pakistan is an agricultural country producing large amount of agricultural residues annually from bagasse, rice husk, palm oil and wood waste, which have a high electricity potential. If these unexploited residues are utilized, the total potential of biomass fuel sources and also power production capacity of the nation would be doubled. Based on this forecast we are proposing to start a business that will generate electricity by means of rice husk- biomass. Rice is more than a staple for Pakistanis. It has a prominent place in most of rituals from the wedding to the funeral. To produce rice in milling process, rice husk is removed when passing through the process. Rice husk is the outer cover of rice that accounts for about 20% by weight of the rice. Rice husks, which are a waste product of the rice crop and found aplenty in villages, has been used as fodder for cattle and to make particle boards by a few wood-based companies. In the past, rice husk was mostly dumped as waste that caused waste disposal problem for the mills. Also, when rice husk is fermented by microorganisms, methane is emitted contributing to global warming problem. Rice husk is a fine and light particle and can cause breathing problems. Rice husk is generally used as solid fuel in combustion process by rice mills but around 50% still go waste. Many countries including Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Philippines use rice husk to produce electricity. These rise husks are used as fuel in small power generators that can be installed near factories and run by a small team. In Pakistan there are about 560 listed rice mills producing a large amount of waste in the form of rice husk which can be converted to producer gas by adapting simple technology of gasifiers and the equipment necessary for operations is cheap and can be easily procured locally. Hence, we are proposing the establishment of a business that will provide electricity by using rice husk that would otherwise be burned in the open air or left to decay. In order to avoid failure, the business will be started at the small scale by producing electricity for rice mill using rice husks. If we get successful we will extend our boundaries and use every biomass to generate electricity and make the country a self sufficient electricity generation country. This development will most certainly improve the living conditions of people, allowing them to experience better standards of living, and possibly giving them the chance to develop better sources of livelihood. It involves the construction and operation of a new rice husk power plant with approximately 200 KWh. The process allows rice husks to be substituted for fossil fuel. This novel way of producing electricity will provide a reliable supply and is cheaper than alternatives, translating to a savings of million liters of fuel oil per year and precious foreign exchange. Taking advantage of biomass also decreases air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the quantity of fossil fuel burned 3.0 Description of venture We are proposing the establishment of a firm that will provide electricity at affordable price to industries and nearby residential areas. We are providing cheap electricity from rice husk at low rate. Rice husk is wasted in Pakistan but we can utilize it in producing electricity and its further waste (rice husk ash) can also be used in In rubber industry as reinforcing agent In cement industries Cosmetics In tooth pastes as anti-caking agents In water purifier as purifier The nature of our business will be partnership. Three principals would be involved each with their own share and contribution. The principals of this venture are fresh graduates of Management Sciences Department of Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. 3.1. Size of business The firm aims to start up its business at small scale catering only one region i.e. Gujranwala, Pakistan with a startup capital of 20 million. The small physical plant would be able to accommodate a small setup and the initial finance would be able to facilitate a small venture like this. After gaining success we can further try to provide electricity to different regions at low rates. 3.2. Plant equipment and personnel Our equipment divided into three parts Biomass gasifier Biomass purification system Generator 3.3. Availability of rice husk About 600 million tonnes of rice paddy was produced all over the world out of which an estimated 5.5 million tonnes was grown in Pakistan in 2005-06. Rice husk is the outer covering of the rice grain that is removed as a result of milling process on rice kernel. On average 20% of rice paddy is husk places the global estimate of the rice husk at 120 million tonnes. This means that in Pakistan alone, about 1.1 million tonnes of rice husk was generated in year 2005-06 [Bronzeoak Ltd, 2002 and Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan]. The amount of rice husk available depends on season and rice production capacity of the rice mill. If sometimes there are not enough rice husks from the Rice mill to meet the requirement, the power plant will buy from others rice mills within the province 3.4. Vision To lighten the ordinary peoples life 3.5. Mission Want to brighten peoples lives by providing affordable, local and sustainable energy solutions and promoting productive uses of agricultural wastes with the help of inimitable workforce 3.5. Objectives To provide cheap and environmental friendly energy solutions to the homes and industries of Pakistan To upgrade simple energy technology of rice husk in order to improve productivity of industries To reduce energy costs by substituting agricultural waste rice husk as bio fuel instead of costly fossil fuel 3.6. Keys to  success Following keys to success have been identified, that if they are followed, the likelihood of sustainable business and success will significantly increase: To offer products that are demanded by consumers To provide electricity at affordable prices To ensure 100% customer satisfaction by working 24/7/365. 4.0 Product Description Generating electricity from rice husk that is a outer cover of rice. The electricity we provide will be at lower rates than WAPDA. 4.1. Competitive Analysis The rice processing industry, through the implementation of plant can operate 24 hours a day, 346 days a year. The use of rice husks for fuel does not create competition with food crops since the rice husks would otherwise be agricultural waste 4.2. Environmental Friendly Biomass can be used for reduce greenhouse effect because trees absorb CO2 as they grow and this carbon is released when the biomass is combusted. Thus, the net amount of CO2 added to the atmosphere during energy production through the use of biomass over the entire life cycle is nearly zero. Also its combustion temperature is lower than fossil fuel combustion, it is anticipated that there will be lower NOx emissions. Since biomass contains little sulphur compared to coal, it is also expected that there will be lower SOx emissions. 4.3. Production Plan Biomass gasification plant is being employed in order to generate electricity. The production process starts with the continuous conveying of rice husks in a sequential order as follows: from the storage yard to the indoor storage, to the grinder, to the service silo and finally to the furnace chamber of a boiler. The process of gasification involves controlled burning of the biomass to produce a particular cocktail of gases, called the producer gas. This gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a little bit of methane. Producer gas is a combustible gas. It is fed into a gas engine, which drives an alternator to produce electricity. Next to the gasifier are four filters for cleaning tar and dust from the gas, and a generator in which the producer gas is used to drive a turbine and create electricity. The design of the plant involved a lot of research and development, especially regarding the fuel feeding, combustion regulation and ash removal. Raw a nd hot producer gas could be used for meeting thermal needs or could be cooled and cleaned, and used in reciprocating engines or gas turbines for power generation. Biomass gasification power generation  system adopt the draft-down fixed bed gasification furnace which saves electricity and convenient. The engines and generator, electrical equipment should be arranged indoor, but other equipment can be arranged outdoor. The area of building for each 200KW generator unit is approximately 40-50m2. Through the above process, biomass gasification power generation converts various kinds of wastes into electricity, reducing pollution due to waste disposal and making better use of energy. 4.4. Feasibility Study According to analysis done by Southern Brazilian Rice Processing Cooperative Agriculture return on investment through Payback, or return on invested capital (one of the simplest indicators of investment that considers the time at which the project will pay the initial investment) is 3.86 years if they install micro power system. Rice husk electricity generation project is really successful in India. According to Indian website rice husk is burnt to produce enough energy for powering a turbine and producing electricity. As of now, there are 60 mini-rice husk powered electricity plants that light 25,000 households in different parts of the country. According to them production cost will be Rs. 2/K Wh. Any industry persons would be ready to have power at Rs. 2/KWh. India who has built its first plant in Bihar has extended his netwok in various villages. Moreover, Golden Rice Cambodia has invested $2 million in a rice-husk electricity plant in order to power local rice mills. In Thailand a pilot plant project of capacity 9.8 MW is installed and is successful. The project has been established since July 2000. In Thailand, a large portion of the electricity production is from fossil fuels causing concern for energy security as well as environmental emissions of CO2, SO2 and NOX. Biomass has been proposed as one of the alternative (renewable) energy sources of energy which can, to extent, offset the use of fossil fuels. Experts said that Pakistan has great potential to produce electricity from rice husk because it holds important place in rice producing countries (The nation, 8th June 2009). The use of husk power allows cheap electricity to reach homes without relying on expensive and polluting electricity imported from China. He also advised the rice mills to build up biomass power plants, which can be fuelled by rice husk and get output ranging from 100kw to 1.2MW for each unit of equipment. By utilizing of waste heat, the millers can get much steam that is useful for a rice mill, he maintained. The secret lies not in the biomass gasification system, which is so simple that even a person who cannot read and write can operate it with a little bit of training, (Indian website source) 5.0 Market Analysis 5.1. Industry Analysis WAPDA is the sole producer of electricity in Pakistan. It is providing electricity to the commercial as well as the residential areas. But unfortunately WAPDA performance is not good in the last two decades. According to Pepco, nationwide demand went beyond 16,337MW but the company could not manage more than 10,261MW leaving a shortfall of 6,070MW.Earlier, PEPCO had claimed that load shedding will be carrying out according to schedule. However, no schedule has been released so far and load shedding is carried out for 7 to 10 hours in the cities and for up to 15 hours in rural areas. Because of which industries are suffering loss and our economy is also going down and our exports are becoming less which further decreases balance of payments. Moreover, after frequent intervals the per unit price also increases that increases the cost of production and ultimately producer increase their prices and shifts their burden to consumers. 5.2. Market Segmentation The market segmentation for biomass gasifier electricity plant will provide electricity to the: Commercial areas Industrial zones The areas where are initially targeting is Gujranwala. The rationale of choosing this region is that Gujranwala possesses many rice mills that make availability of rice husk around the clock. Moreover, if in any year rice production decreases we can easily import rice husk from Narowal and Kasur where there are availability of rice mills. 5.3. Target market Nowadays in Pakistan the electricity consumption has been surpassed and supply of electricity is insufficient to meet the demand. Many industries have been shut down causing unemployment due to this critical situation. These industries use more amount of electricity due to which provision of electricity to households also affects badly. Industries should have their own separate setup for electricity generation instead of depending on government to provide them electricity. So the major targeted areas where we can provide electricity through rice husk are: Industries Households Commercial areas Industries: Industries especially the rice mills can get electricity at a very affordable price through biomass power production without relying on fossil fuel combustion. The small scale power plant will help to meet the needs of power of the specific factory. It will assist Pakistan sustainable growth to keep up with the industrialized world. Households: As the major source of electricity in Pakistan is WAPDA. Citizens cant do anything when the light has gone so all the routine and lifestyle of citizens get disturbed by this situation. Thats why by using biomass production plant we produced electricity so households also enlightened their houses and do their work freely. Commercial areas: Biomass production plant is able enough to provide electricity to majority of people. Commercial areas such as main bazaars, small outlets are also affected by the deficiency of electricity as their business stuck by the deficiency of electricity. So by producing electricity through rice husk we can make this situation better. Hence our target market is meeting the criteria of effective targeting which includes the following characteristics: The characteristics of the segments targeted are identifiable. The target market is sizeable enough to generate reasonable profits. Our target market is stable in terms of life styles and consumption patterns. Our market is accessible in an economical way. 5.4. Marketing Mix PRODUCT The company aim to produce electricity by using rice husk biomass gasifier plant. The conversion of plant material into energy takes place inside a biomass gasifier. So through this process more electricity will be produced. PRICING STRATEGY Cost pricing strategy will be used that is after determining the cost, profit will be added to decide at which price per unit electricity will be sold. We will charge different prices to residential and commercial areas. Rs. 9.90 per unit will be charged to residents and Rs. 13.90 per unit to industries. PLACE The power plant will be besides the rice mill so that transportation cost will be minimal. The areas where are initially targeting is Gujranwala. The rationale of choosing this region is that Gujranwala possesses many rice mills like Adil company, Agroman Crystal rice mill, Ahsan rice mill, Al Fajar rice mill, Al haidi rice mill, Al hameed rice mill, Al Riaz rice mill, Al Shauq Rice and processing mill etc. that make availability of rice husk around the clock. Moreover, if in any year rice production decreases we can easily take rice husk from Narowal and Kasur where there are availability of rice mills. So, availability of rice husk will not be a problem in this region. PROMOTION The basic marketing challenge is to come up with a cohesive campaign to attract rice millers to take electricity from our company. This can be achieved by a giving them a solid value proposition, that they can get reliable energy for substantially lower rates. We will make them see the comparison of prices between rice husk electricity and the alternatives that they have. 5.5. Analysis of competitors In Pakistan, WAPDA enjoys the monopoly in producing electricity at such a big scale. The main problem with WAPDA is that it has a high demand for electricity but its supply to its users is low. Because of its failure in providing electricity around the clock and continual increase in per unit electricity prices at frequent intervals many industries has built up their own power set-ups like Bahria town. But they arent our direct competitors. The primary reason is that our target market is different. We are targeting those areas that are getting electricity from WAPDA at high rates. We will provide them electricity at not only at cheaper rates but also the availability of electricity will be ensured around the clock. 5.6. Assessment of risk Main risk will be continuous supply of biomass and Climatic conditions. This can be mitigated by carrying out an in depth survey of the biomass availability in the area and ensuring that the plant can use a variety of biomass. 5.7. Internal Analysis Strengths The resources used for rice husk energy technology are mainly by-products that result minimal cost for the raw materials in electricity production. Rice husk technology is more reliable than the alternative energy sources. Unlike wind turbines and dams, it is not dependent on geographic areas Rice husk is also more strategic than other forms of biofuel because it does not take away materials that are still edible, unlike in corn or wheat fuel. A source of revenue is the sale of ash, a waste- product that emerges by using rice husk technology. Having this secure source of raw materials supports Pakistan to become more energy-independent Weaknesses: Shortage of raw material Low production of rice due to floods Latest technology not being used in Pakistan No government support. 7.0 Management Summary The organization will be led by three principals. 7.1. Authority of principals There will be equal authority among the principals. The signatures of at least 3 members would be required to take any decision financial or otherwise. 7.2. Roles and responsibilities of members of organization Mubeena Farasat will deal in accounting and finance Ayesha Aleem will deal in marketing Abeera Pervaiz will deal in technical and production 8.0 Financial Analysis 8.1. Statement of financing needed The amount of Rs. 20 million is used as a start up finance. This amount will cover the initial financial requirement for setting up a small production plant. The costs relating to the purchase of machinery and the setup; the physical place for operation; the contract with the firms for the regular supply of rice husk, fuel to burn the rice husk will be the major cost; also the hiring of human resource for operating the machinery is the cost that would be borne at the end of the month. Composition of Capital Plant and Machinery Purchase of machinery is the major decision as it requires heavy financing. Because of capital shortage manual feeding of rice husk is done instead of purchasing belt conveyor that can convey the material to the gasifier furnace. Our equipment is majorly divided into three parts, biomass gasifier, biomass purification system and generator. Major machinery may includes feeding machine, gas tank, gasifier furnace, purifier, filters, pipeline network etc The major supplier is Mr. Muhammad Duja, owner of Ducon Energy Management System having office at DHA Karachi. His proposed price is $1200 per KW. But the second hand plant is available at $600 per KW and $200 per KW is being charged to cover installment, structural changes etc. The total cost of building 200 KWH plant including set-up will be approximately Rs. 16 million (800ÃÆ'-100ÃÆ'-200). Capacity of plant The installed production capacity of the proposed unit would be 200 KWH eggs. However, the capacity utilization of 70% and 80% is envisaged during the first two years. Capacity utilization Per day Capacity 100% 70% 80% Electricity production 200 KWH 140 KWH 160 KWH Rice Husk 1680 tons 1176 tons 1344 tons Land A plot of around 3 kanal will be sufficient as the built-up area requirement is not more than 16 mrlas. Building would be taken on rent at Rs. 60,000 per month that will be around 720,000 lacs per annum or 0.72 million. Accessories Necessary furniture like tables, chairs, desks, storage cupboards; a small amount of stationary; water coolers, split a/cs in the office are required that will take approximately Rs. 5 lakhs for its arrangements. Vehicles Carriage Vans will be needed to bring rice husk to the desired location. Second hand vehicles will be purchased that will approximately cost Rs. 6 lakhs. 8.3. Manpower Requirement In order to execute the work, employees, labors are required. Particulars Quantity Rs Operation Manager 1 60,000 Machine Operators 2 40,000 Skilled workers 2 30,000 Unskilled workers 10 60,000 Guard 3 26,000 Clerks 4 26,000 Cost of Goods Sold RICE HUSK ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION Projected C0st of Services sold As of year ended 31 Dec, 2012 2012 2013 2014 Merchandise inventory opening 26,000 66,700 99,000 Add: Purchases 7,644,000   8,064,000 10,080,000 7,056,000   8,130,700 10,179,000 Add: Wages (116,000*12) 1,392,000 1,670,400 1,770,400 Rent expense (50,000*12) 720,000 720,000 720,000 Fuel charges 1,200,000   1,600,000 1,700,000 Miscellaneous 300,000 255,000 275,000 Cost of goods available for sale 10,668,000   12,376,100 14,644,400 Less: Merchandise inventory closing 66,700   99,000 127,000 Cost of goods sold 10,601,300   12,277,100 14,517,400 EXPLANATION In 1st year the biomass gasifier plant is operated at average 70% capacity level. So total rice husk needed in the first operating day will be 4 tons that will be purchased at a price of 26,000.The total rice husk purchased in the year will be around 7,644,000 (1176 tons ÃÆ'- Rs 6,500 per ton) needed in the year. Direct expenses may include the wages given to the labors that are breaking eggs and operating machines, rent that will be available at Rs. 60,000 p.m., fuel charges that will be outsource. Miscellaneous includes the transportation charges, cl

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