Budgeting Essay -- Finances Accounting Budgets Essays

Budgeting Budgeting is the systematic method of allocating financial, physical, and human resources to achieve an organizations strategic goals. Budgets are utilized by for-profit and non-profit organizations to monitor the progress towards the goals, assist in the control of spending, and help predict cash flow for the organization.The central challenge that budget developers clangour is predicting what the future holds for the internal business and external factors. Reading the future is something that can never be done with perfect precision. The fast pace of technological change, the complexities of globose competition and world events make developing effective budgets both more difficult and more important. Important benefits of improving the budgeting process include better company colossal apprehensiveness of strategic goals, more coordinated support for those goals, and an improved ability to respond quickly to competition. (Gruner & Jahr, 2003 Inc Magazine).Anyone famili ar with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and practices will find roughly accounting for nonprofit activity to be very familiar. There are, however, some significant variances, which include Accounting for Contri furtherions Capitalizing and Depreciating Assets Use of Cash- and Modified Cash-Basis Accounting useful Expense ClassificationThe act of budgeting resources to meet or beat the goals of an organization is an art form in any type of business. All business should rise budgets, (Hansen and Mowen, p. 282). The advantage to budgeting is that1. It forces to plan.2. It provides information that can be used to improve decision making.3. It provides a standard for performance evaluation.4. It improves communication and coordination.If good budgeting is important for every no-hit business or organization, can we expect to have industry standard and general practices that are followed in every type of organization? Probable not, but c ertain standard can be expected, which is the direction of this term paper.Are there a difference or should there be a difference in the way a for-profit and a not-for-profit conduct their budgeting procedures. In both cases, they have income and expenses, employees and goals and objectives of the organization. The hypothesis is that there is no difference in the bu... ..., a wide variety of popular accounting software systems are available that have been designed to satisfy these needs. If the nonprofit organization uses an adequate accounting system, sets up its categories and classifications in line with the IRS reporting requirements, and assiduously labels all revenue and expenses appropriately, then completing the IRS annual report is a relatively painless matter.ReferencesBangs Jr, David H and Pellecchia, Michael, August 15, 2000, accomplish Plan Forecasting and Cash-Flow Budgeting retrieved from web site http//www.muridae.com/ nporegulation/accounting.html on February 27, 2003.Critical Issues in Financial Accounting Regulation for noncommercial Organizations, Online Compendium of Federal and State Regulations for U.S. Nonprofit Organizations, retrieved from web site http//www.muridae.com/nporegulation/main.html on February 28, 2003Gruner + Jahr, January 12, 2000, Best Practices Developing Budgets, Inc Magazine, USA Publishing. Inc.com, retrieved from web site http//www.inc.com/articles/ finance/fin_manage/budget/16379.html on February 27th, 2003Hansen & Mowen, Management Accounting, 6th edition, 2003, South Hesperian

Essay --

DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMTopic SHELL SORTNames Maryum Waris Tahir Khan Isra Jameil Farrukh Ahsan Semester III Section ASubmitted to Sajid SaleemINTRODUCTION racing shell sort, alike known as diminishing increment sort, was devised by Donald Shell in 1959.It is known to be one of the long-standing sorting algorithm.The basic logic of this sort is that it virtually divides the true list into smaller list, which consists of elements which be present at a specified crack, and performs sorting. As the gap decreases original list becomes more and more grouped ,finally when gap is reduced to one, comparison between adjacent elements of list occurs which finally sorts the list.Shell sort utilizes foundation sort.SHELL SORTWhile sorting a list, insertion sort compares first two elements of list (we consider a list with array based implementation) and sorts them, such that first and second element of list are arranged in required order. After this initial step, third element is involved and is sorted according to the two elements previously sorted and so on. before long comings of insertion sortWhile performing insertion sort if list is arranged in most unsorted manner(worst case) or list of to be sorted is lengthy, the process can be extremely time consuming as it involves the comparison and arrangement of every new element considered with other elements already sorted.Improvements with tucker out sortIf the list is comparatively sorted with slight disordering, it is easier to sort the list as it will require less swapping upon comparison of elements in the listShell sort improves the sorting process because it compares and non adjoining elements which are far apart, and swaps th... ... and 10 while SPACE 13-Set J = SPACE + 1 initialize look for J4-Repeat step 5 ,6 and 9 while J N5-Set K = J - SPACE initialize counter K6- Repeat step 7 and 8 while K 17-If ARRAYK+SPACEa-Interchange ARRAYK+SPACE and ARRAYKend of if structure8-Set K = K-SPACE decrements counter K end of while eyehole in step 69-Set J = J+1 increments counter J end of while loop in step 4 10-Set SPACE = SPACE/2 decrements counter SPACE end of while loop in step 211-Return takes control back to calling function

Effective way of tutoring Essay -- essays research papers

Effective way in Tutoring Students2004 draw A) IntroductionB) General discussion1) Personal mother 2) Tips on Promoting Student Motivation3) Advantages and Disadvantages of TutoringC) Conclusion.ForewordTutoring is a tool in helping the children in their faculty member needs. The carriage guides them in answering their assignments as swell up as teaching them techniques in closure problems. This paper is aimed at describing tutor functional duties, tips on promoting scholarly person motivation, advantages and disadvantages of tutoring and my personal take of tutoring students.Studies from outside sources would facilitate me in coming up with my own close. I will resort to some convenient tools and opinions to provide a clear position towards effective tutoring. The main discussions and conclusion will be presented immediately within the perception of studies obtained.There is a wide variety of reasons why p atomic number 18nts have to get tutor for their kids. Some children and adolescents experience difficulty in achieving academic goals. Some are needed to substitute for the absence of the childs parents. Some children have behavioral disorders or become to a huge class that is hard for them to catch up classroom discussions (McGinn, 1999). Tutoring offers children who may be experiencing troubles with their informwork a chance to improve their education by receiving special attention that they may not get from a teacher or parent. They encourage kids to preempt forward and do their best. They are also raft that children may look up to as role models. It is a hands-on approach to help childrens square uping processes (McGinn, 1999).I am a tutor of math subjects in high school students. I helped them solve their assignments and teach them techniques in solving. A visual sense of students are having difficulty when it comes to problem solving. Problem solving is not easy at first, but following the right strategies and measurements you would a rrive to the correct answer. I make sure that I teach my students step by step in solving the problems and guide them in applying the techniques I taught them. As a tutor, I treated my students like my friends and persuade them as frequently as possible to do their best in their assignments, ... ...ccess. Some report that tutoring works sometimes and chthonic certain conditions. Others have reported that one-to-one tutoring has been an passing effective intervention. In short, the beliefs about efficacy of tutoring are varied (http//www.geocities.com/manav_b_merv/tutorart3.html, 2004). Tutoring is a helpful tool for kids having difficulty in schools. Tutors are mentors that guide and support students in obtaining their academic goals. However tutoring has an end point. They are not there to answer the assignments or make the projects of the students. They are the one that establishes your skills in studying your lesson. It is not notwithstanding able to get high grades or able to pass all the requirements needed in school but to teach the children to be independent and to learn the skills they needed in solving or answering the problems they encountered. ReferencesMcGinn, Shiela. Tutoring In the Community. 1999. 5 frame 2004. The Effects of an after-school(prenominal) Tutoring Program on the Academic Performanceof at-risk Students with LD. 5 March 2004. Wright, Jim. Encouraging Student Academic Motivation. 2001. Intervention Central. 5 March 2004. Effective way of tutoring Essay -- essays research papers Effective way in Tutoring Students2004Outline A) IntroductionB) General discussion1) Personal Experience 2) Tips on Promoting Student Motivation3) Advantages and Disadvantages of TutoringC) Conclusion.ForewordTutoring is a tool in helping the children in their academic needs. The tutor guides them in answering their assignments as well as teaching them techniques in solving problems. This paper is aimed at describing tutor functional dut ies, tips on promoting student motivation, advantages and disadvantages of tutoring and my personal experience of tutoring students.Studies from outside sources would facilitate me in coming up with my own conclusion. I will resort to some convenient tools and opinions to provide a clear position towards effective tutoring. The main discussions and conclusion will be presented immediately within the perception of studies obtained.There is a wide variety of reasons why parents have to get tutor for their kids. Some children and adolescents experience difficulty in achieving academic goals. Some are needed to substitute for the absence of the childs parents. Some children have behavioral disorders or belong to a huge class that is hard for them to catch up classroom discussions (McGinn, 1999). Tutoring offers children who may be experiencing troubles with their schoolwork a chance to improve their education by receiving special attention that they may not get from a teacher or parent. They encourage kids to move forward and do their best. They are also people that children may look up to as role models. It is a hands-on approach to help childrens learning processes (McGinn, 1999).I am a tutor of math subjects in high school students. I helped them solve their assignments and teach them techniques in solving. A lot of students are having difficulty when it comes to problem solving. Problem solving is not easy at first, but following the right strategies and steps you would arrive to the correct answer. I make sure that I teach my students step by step in solving the problems and guide them in applying the techniques I taught them. As a tutor, I treated my students like my friends and persuade them as much as possible to do their best in their assignments, ... ...ccess. Some report that tutoring works sometimes and under certain conditions. Others have reported that one-to-one tutoring has been an extremely effective intervention. In short, the beliefs about effi cacy of tutoring are varied (http//www.geocities.com/manav_b_merv/tutorart3.html, 2004). Tutoring is a helpful tool for kids having difficulty in schools. Tutors are mentors that guide and support students in obtaining their academic goals. However tutoring has an end point. They are not there to answer the assignments or make the projects of the students. They are the one that establishes your skills in studying your lesson. It is not only able to get high grades or able to pass all the requirements needed in school but to teach the children to be independent and to learn the skills they needed in solving or answering the problems they encountered. ReferencesMcGinn, Shiela. Tutoring In the Community. 1999. 5 March 2004. The Effects of an After-School Tutoring Program on the Academic Performanceof at-risk Students with LD. 5 March 2004. Wright, Jim. Encouraging Student Academic Motivation. 2001. Intervention Central. 5 March 2004.

American Public Education - Obsessed with Being Average Essay -- Teach

American Public Education - Obsessed with Being Average A countrys educational transcription is typically influenced by a variety of factors. Racial and ethnic attitudes, for example, can play an important role in policy formation and school administration. voice communication is a significant factor as well. Political and religious ideologies also are potent influences on the educational system. An middling students adjustment into the educational system may be affected by such factors. What is the definition of an average student? What constitutes such a student to receive an average education? Mike Roses article Tracking, focused on the educational system and its feelings on both normal and deviant students. One student affected by this system was Ken Harvey. He was placed in the vocational track due to the labeling of the educational system. Ken Harveys statement, I just wanna be average, was a desperate call for help. No doubt, his placement in the educational sy stem had a negative effect on his life. Ken Harvey was gasping for air. As brought out in the article, schoo...

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

Capital punishment is an act of executing, killing, or putting one to death for committing hideous crimes. In the narrate of Georgia, crimes such as treason, murder, and aircraft high jacking, can cause conviction of the death penalty. racetrack, unconventional convictions, and the costs of executions are some of the controversial issues surrounding capital punishment.Race plays an important role when determining the death penalty. In a take in conducted by the General Accounting Office comprise that 82% of the population who murder Caucasians is more than likely to be convicted than those who murdered African Americans. Since 1976 there have been several interracial murders in the United States. The number of white defendants vs. black victims has delineated 12 executions in the U.S. since 1976. However, there have been 192 executions of black defendants vs. white victims in the United States, which is more than quadrupled in number. The current U.S. death row population by race includes 1,457 (42%) African Americans, 353 (10%) Hispanics, 1, 580 (45.5%) Caucasians and 81 (2.3%) accounts for other races.According to the General Accounting office, the United States can not prevent accidental executions of innocent people. This is primarily collect to wrongful identification of defendants in many cases. Crimes are often solved with the most convenient suspect rather right or wrong, which also leads to wrongful death of innocent people. Additionally, many convicts are blamed merely because they fit the description of the intended suspect, which leads to erroneous convictions. Within the last century, recent studies show that more than four-hundred innocent people have been convicted of crimes caused by others. Twenty-three of the four-hundred blameless people were put to death. The death penalty has been reinstated and there have been 96 men and women found innocent minutes before their execution. This is an unjustifiable mistake that can not be corrected due to irreplaceable circumstances with life. Once life has ended, it forget never be replaced. It costs taxpayers twice as much to execute an inmate than to incarcerate him/her for life. The study mentioned above states the death penalty costs 48% more than the costs of a court trial in which the prosecutors seek life imprisonment for the defendant.These are outrageous figures that utilize taxpayers dollars uselessly. The same study shows that each case ranges from 1-1.25 million dollars than the average murder case without parole. Some people insist that the death penalty be utilized as a preventive measure against crime.

Abner and Sarty Snopes in Barn Burning :: Barn Burning Essays

Abner and Sarty Snopes The nature of the relationship between gravel and son in William Faulkners Barn Burning is displayed in the first paragraph of the story. In general a father-son relationship would be built on genuine respect, love, loyalty, and admiration. These building blocks were rattlebrained in Abner and Sarty Snopes relationship. Sartys loyalty to his father appeared to come from a long time fear of the consequences of not obeying his fathers commands. The nigger that could place the blame on Abner was not to be found. Was Faulkner inferring by this statement that the individual had been killed? If Abner had so little moral value to destroy a mans property, surely to protect himself from persecution he could destroy a mans life. Sarty knew he smelled cheese, and more. He smelled the fierce pull of blood. His fathers blood, the blood of the family name, Snopes. Sarty knew he was also the son of the barn burner. A name he heard hissing as they passed by boys in town. Sarty fought to defend his father and when hurt, he seemed to need the blood to remain for a while as a reminder of why he stayed with the man. Sarty viewed his father at times as bloodless and cut from tin. Sarty could usually convince himself why his father was this way. The fact that he had to be a horse trader for four years hiding from the blue and the gray armies to exist by stealing or capturing as he called it, horses. Was Sarty to become a man same his father? It seems to be the fear that Sarty may have worried about many times. Young boys usually acquire the desire at sometime in their life to simulate their fathersactions, perspectives on life and mannerisms. Fathers are examples to how they would like their sons to be. Abner probably thought it was the only way to be. Abners past was not Sartys, his future was not to be Sartys either. For their views on life and the people in it were quite different. Abner Snopes looked at the mansion of Major de Spain as a symbol of inequality. A fact that he had in any case much and Abner had so little . Sarty looked at the vast mansion as a picturesque scene of the grove of oaks and cedars and flowering trees and shrubs almost as if it was a rerun of something he had was coming to him.

Ebara Balance Scorecard and Communication Plan Essay

Ebara Technology Incorporated Component Division is a subsidiary of Ebara Corporation. Ebara Technology is known as a Research and organic evolution focus accompany, whose main subject matter is on research and development for its business operations. Ebara leave always campaign for research and development to plus added shelter to the product and over and above research and development related cost reduction and manufacturing technologies, toward improving it competitiveness and profitability, (R&D Ebara (n.d.)).FinanceThe financial situation has the strategical objective in areas of the market shares, revenues and costs, profitability, and competitive position. On the financial viewpoint of the new F-REX 600 millimeter Chemical Mechanical Polishing System will increase the trades growth anywhere from 10% to 20%. This modification or enhancement will dictate the end results of decreasing in the cost, increase higher(prenominal) quality and speed, for a prompt response to c ustomers needs. The operating cost will decrease anywhere from 15% to 25% for the reason that on common split the volume will increase and with contracts already in place the forecast will go up and the price will go down. A lesser number of ideas turn out to be profitable for the reason of research and development, and pre-marketing costs of transforming a promising idea into a profitable product.CustomerIn the customer value perspective we want to look at how the customers see us in on the whole these areas, customer retention or turnover, customer cheer and customer value. Our end of retention rate is to recognize the turnover and to monitor the performance over time. The main objective is not to be at zero, tho to be at a position that is supporting our goals forgrowth (Customer Retention Strategy Marketing MO. (n.d.)). Developing plans to increase customer loyalty and decrease turnover. Our company will set up meeting on a quarterly basis with customers with the agenda b eing directed at on-time delivery percent of sale from the new product, and feedback from the customers. On time delivery will be recorded and reviewed to communicate to our shareholders and employees. The company as a whole will be functional with all current customers to maintain a goal 98% or better delivery performance. Feedback whether it is positive or negative from our customer is vital fill for the growth of the company.Internal Business ProcessThe internal business process is to construct a streamline process for the manufacturing process. Manufacturing objective is make sure they lease create a useful and efficient process that will imposed check points at all operating locations. Paperwork will be turned in and the information is loaded into the database. The target is recorded and a weekly or monthly report is run. These reports are called break Performance Indicator (KPI) or Key Success Indicator (KSI). These reports are a set of quantifiable measures that the compa ny or an industry uses to gauge or compare performance in group meeting of the strategic and operational goal (Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Definition Investopedia. (n.d.). These reports will be posted in all appropriate segments and meetings are set-up for discussion to verbalize about great performance or what we need to improve on.Learning and GrowthThe learning and growth of the company will depend widely on the knowledge and training of all employees. In order to achieve our vision production must be able to be ready for changes and the ability to improve. Our goal will be focus in two different areas the first will be the production employees and the second will be document control. Our use is for all managers and executives to keep and open communication with every employee in the company and all outsourcing suppliers of all pending and up and coming changes. Every employee and the outsourcing suppliers will go through a training program on how to build all areas of F-REX 600 millimeter Chemical Mechanical Polishing System.. Our aspiration would be to ensurethat each outside service and each and every in-house employee are trained and certified in their specified areas.Eventually we would want to see some cross-training in all the areas. On the Document Control side will also be following the same step listed above, but because changes will need to be do rapidly and some changes will need to be phased in. This department must be knowledgeable of all aspect of the Engineering Changes Notices and the Engineering Changes Orders. The goal for this department is to be conscious and mindful of Engineering Changes Orders and Engineering Changes Notices. The focus would be to make certain they have all signatures and it is approval through all levels. We will need to proceed by requiring training, cross training and certification of each of employees in this department.ConclusionThe supposition of the balanced scorecard we covered all quad areas The financial side with building of the F-REX 600 millimeter Chemical Mechanical Polishing System we will be decreasing the cost, increase higher quality and speed, where the customer is getting their needs met. This proposal will bring profit because of the research and development, and pre-marketing cost changing ideas into a profitable product. Secondly on the customer perspective side, the goal is increase customers loyalty and always looking for ways to decrease the turnover rate. Customer satisfaction and customer value by encouraging aspect to face meeting to keep client/customers informed. The internal process is where we will find ways to improve the process. Key Performance Indicator will be set up in difference department so that each department knows how they are performing. And last is the learning and growth of the employees. We will focus on the production employees and Document Control . Training and crossing training is a major area because of all the changes that will forthcoming. Document Control will be overwhelmed with countless changes and will need to be prime and ready for the surplus.ReferencesCustomer Retention Strategy Marketing MO. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.marketingmo.com/strategic-planning/customer-retention-strategy/ Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Definition Investopedia. (n.d.).Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/k/kpi.asp R&D EBARA Global Website. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2014, from http//www.ebara.com/global/en/company/rd.html

Sociology Marriage and Divorce

Sociology Family Unit Marriage and Divorce Most large number argue that the family is in crisis. They point to the rapidly increasing disarticulate rate, cohabitation, illegitimacy and depend of single p arnt families. What is happening to Marriage? Marriage has increased in popularity, reaching a peak in 1971. Since then there has been a probative aggravate in the number of marriages, from 459000 in 1971 to 250000 in 2001. There is a decline in first marriages where neither partner has been married before.But there is a growing number of remarriages, in which unmatched or both partners clear been disassociated these marriages constitute 15% of all marriages in 1971 and 40% in 1996. The add up age at which sight first get hitched with has steadily increased in recent decades. Since 1971 it has risen from 24 to 30 for men and from 22 to 28 for women. By 1998 there were relatively few juvenility people who were married. Of those under the age of 24 just 3% of men and 7% of women were married. More than one third of all 18 49 year old women ar now single.Is Marriage still the Norm? Despite all the arguments about the decline of marriage, it continues to be the case that most people in Britain grow up and form a nuclear family for part of their adult life. Most couples who get married or have shelter cohabitation relationships have children. The family unit is still mainly one in which children ar brought up by two parents. The majority (71%) of young people live in families headed by a couple. Just slight than a quarter (24%) live in single parent households.The majority of lone-parent families (90%) are headed by women, and the major reason is separation or divorce from the male partner, although some women are single or widowed. Cohabitation is most potential to be build among those aged 25 34 years. Over one in five (22%) in this age group currently cohabit. The majority (59%) of those who live together by and by go on to marry that part ner. In some respects marriage is more(prenominal) popular because people marry more often. The percentage of remarriage has risen from 14% in 1961 to 40% in 1996. Cohabitation Living together as a couple is no longer seen as living in sin. evidence alsoSociology and Social Integration.Increasingly the idea of cohabiting is being viewed as respectable. Two thirds (67%) of the British public now regard cohabitation as acceptable, even when the couple have no intention in acquiring married. The idea that people should get married if they have children is also fading away. In 1989, 7 in 10 people held this view. By 2001 the proportion had fallen to just over half (54%). Nor is there much support these days for the belief that married couples make better parents exactly 1 in 4 (27%) think this is the case. Marriage Patterns for African-Caribbeans and AsiansResearch carried out at Essex University in 2000 indicates that only 39% of British-born African-Caribbean adults under the age o f 60 are in a formal marriage compared with 60% of white adults. Moreover this group is more likely than any other group to inter-marry. The number of mixed-race partnerships style that very few African-Caribbean men and women are married to each other. Only one quarter of Caribbean children live with two black parents. There is also a tradition of women living independently from their childrens father in the African-Caribbean community.This could be partly explained historically, from the days of slavery, when husbands and wives were sold to separate plantations. But Wilson (1987) argues that a black charwoman may be reluctant to marry (or live with) a man whose chances of getting / keeping a job are low and make him an punic source of income for themselves and their children. Consequently half of Caribbean families with children are now single parents. Marriage in Asian families whether Muslim, Hindu or Sikh is mainly arranged and thus there is little inter-marriage with other religions or cultures.Relationships in the midst of Asian parents and their children are also very different, Asian children tend to respect religious and cultural traditions and they smelling a strong sense of duty to their families and especially their elders. Taken as a whole young British Asians have more choice and vocalise than previous generations. Their current situation is probably non dramatically different from that of young no-Asian adults who, while choosing their marital partners on the basis of romantic love, often marry people very similar to themselves in terms of background factors such as social class and educational qualifications.Parental influence may be less(prenominal)(prenominal) direct than in an arranged marriage, but parents can show comment on inappropriate boyfriends or girlfriends. What are the Patterns in Divorce? From 1971 to 1996 the number of divorces has more than doubled. In 1991 there were 350000 marriages but 171000 divorces meaning that there were nearly half as many divorces as marriages. The proportion of marriages, which are remarriages, has also been rising, for example 15% of all marriages in 1961 were re-marriages for one or both partners by 1991 this figure has risen to 36%.Britain has the highest divorce rate in Europe according to functionary EU statistics (Eurostat, June 2001). Each year, 2. 7 people per thousand of the population get divorced in Britain compared with the EU average of 1. 8 per thousand. Who Divorces? Young spouses and young marriages are most at risk. A persons age at marriage is strongly associated with the likelihood of divorce. Generally speaking, the older people are when they marry, the less chance they have of divorcing. Couples who marry in their teens are almost twice as likely to divorce as those who marry between the ages of 20 and 24.The divorce rate also varies by the amount of time the marriage has lasted. For example, in 1979 nearly half of all divorces occurred within the first 10 years. One investigation (Thornes and Collard, 1979) set up that of all marital separations (rather than legal divorces), 60% occurred before the 10th year of marriage. Social class is also closely related to the incidence of divorce. The divorce rate for unskilled husbands is more than four times that for professionals and for the unemployed, almost five times that for the professionals.Patterns in Marriage and Divorce Feminist sociologists see the trends as a trace of the lack of satisfaction provided by traditional patriarchal marriage, with individuals seeking alternative types of relationships and living arrangements. New Right thinkers have seen the trends as a sign of the breakdown of the family and have argued for a return to traditional values. They suggest that because of the easy availability of divorce, people are no longer as perpetrate to the family as they were in the past.Changes in legislation which have made divorce easier but also social changes in wh ich the law reflect are seen as the main causes of the increase in divorce rates. Have Women Broken up the Family? The position of women has changed in a number of ways, such as the wife does not have to put up with an unsatisfactory marriage they are not expected to be socially subservient to their husbands. Women now have more license and are in a better financial position if they were to want a divorce they are no longer totally reliant on their husbands.It was stated that women in general are less satisfied with their marriages than men. In the 1990s women initiated the majority of divorces. Growing Secularisation Secularisation refers to the declining influence of religious beliefs and institutions. Goode and Gibson argued that secularization has resulted in marriage becoming less o a sacred, spiritual union and more a personal and practical commitment. Evidence that supports this is that 60% of marriages instantly do not involve a religious ceremony. Changing Social Attitude sDivorce has become more socially acceptable and there is less social disapproval and stigma attached to divorces. It no longer hinders careers through a public sense of scandal and outrage. As a result of this people are less afraid of the consequences of divorce and are more likely to end an unhappy marriage. Functionalists such as Talcott Parsons and Renoald Fletcher argue that the increased value of marriage may have caused a rise in marital breakdown. As people expect and demand more from a marriage and expect it to be perfect.Fletcher argues that a relatively high divorce rate may be indicative not of lower but of higher standards of marriage in society. Privatised Marriages Allan argues that the family has become increasingly specify as a private institution. The wider family, and society at large, do not have the right to interfere in family life and therefore the family unit is not supported by its integration into a wider social network, which means family problems cannot be so easily shared. Love and Marriage Why are Arranged Marriages Stronger? in spite of appearance an arranged marriage people have more realistic expectations than those who marry for love.People who support arranged marriages suggest that love is something that develops overtime, where as romantic love is likely to change into something less exciting, or disappear altogether Sociology Family Unit Births and The Ageing Population Births One of the strongest trends has been the rise in illegitimacy. Illegitimacy rates are rising, as more people have children without being married. Some of the stigma associated with illegitimacy no longer exists. This is countered by the New Rights assault on unmarried mothers, who have been the scapegoat to a certain extent by the media who blame them for the modern failings of society.Unmarried mothers may not be that different to nuclear families as some of these children born outside of a marriage are born to a couple who cohabit or are in a stable relationship, so will therefore have the same advantages / life as a nuclear family child. It is just that the mother and father / couple are not legally married. More and more women are deciding not to have children, as theyd rather focus on / have a career. Having a career may also be the reason for women having children later on in their lives. The Ageing PopulationThe population as a whole are getting older as people are now living longer. This could be seen as a detrimental or a positive thing. According to the negative view this gives a greater dependence ratio whereby the working population have a greater burden to take care of those not working. increase pressure on hospitals, social services and pensions will lead to a greater tax burden. On the positive side, it can be argued that since older people are now more likely to stay fit and healthy they may become an important part of our families (childcare for grandchildren) and as part of the voluntary workforce.Ginn and Arber found that the level to which older people could maintain their independence and play a constructive part in society depended to a large extent on their social class, gender and ethnicity. The notion of ageing itself is a socially constructed concept that varies from culture to culture. The retirement age itself has moved several times and still varies between men and women reinforce the notion that old age is in itself a social construction.

Hawa Mahal Essay

Hawa Mahal stands upright as the entrance to the City Palace, Jaipur. An important landmark in the city, Hawa Mahal is an figure of the Rajputana architecture. The splendid five-storey Palace of the Winds is a blend of beauty and splendor much close to Rajasthans culture. Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh built Hawa Mahal in 1779. The pyramid shape of this quaint monument is a tourist attraction having 953 small windows. 2. Taj MahalTaj Mahal, the pinnacle of Mughal architecture, was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658), grandson of Akbar the great, in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano romanceum, entitled Mumtaz Mahal. Mumtaz Mahal was a niece of empress Nur Jahan and granddaughter of Mirza Ghias Beg Itimad-ud-Daula, wazir of emperor Jehangir. She was born in 1593 and died in 1631, during the birth of her fourteenth child at Burhanpur. Her mortal remains were temporarily buried in the Zainabad garden. sestet months later, her body was transferred to Agra to be finally enshrined in the crypt of the main tomb of the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the mausoleum of both Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. Victoria MemorialVictoria Memorial, unitary of Indias most beautiful monuments, signify a unique combination of classical European architecture and Mughal motifs. The domed and white marble museum sprawls over 64 acres and is set in a landscaped garden at the southern side of the Kolkatas maidan (ground) near Jawaharlal Nehru Road. CharminarThe charminar Hyderabads best known landmark was built 1591 by Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah to quell the force of evil savaging his new city with epidemic and plague. Standing in the heart of the old walled city and surround by lively bazaars, the charminar (four tug) is a 56m high triumphal arch. The arch is notable for its elegant balconies, stucco decorations and the small mosque, Hyderabads oldest, on the 2nd floor. An image of the grace every packet boat of charminar cigarettes, one of Indias most popular bra nd. 6. Sanchi StupaSanchi is situated in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It lies at a distance of approximately 52 km from the ceiling city of Bhopal and 10 km from Vidisha. The major attractions of Sanchi include a number of Buddhist stupas, monasteries, temples and pillars. All these structures date back to somewhere between 3rd hundred BC and 12th century AD. The Mauryan emperor Ashoka founded all the stupas at Sanchi in the honor of Lord Buddha. They have the distinction of being included by unesco in the list of world heritage Qutab MinarQutub-ud-din Aibak laid the foundation for Qutub Minar in 1199 AD and his successor and son-in-law Shamsud-Din- Iitutmish completed the structure by adding three more stories. Standing at 72.5 meters, it is the highest stone tower in India. Its base diameter is 14.3 meters and its top diameter is 2.7 meters. It has 379 steps leading to its top story. The lower three stories are made utilize red sand stone and the top two with marble and sand stone GatewayThe majestic Gateway of India is a glorious historical annals built during British rule. This magnificent monument has been built in Indo-Sarcenic style to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Bombay. Gateway of India is one of the finest example of colonial architectural heritage in India. This grand structure stands at the Apollo Bunder, a popular meeting place in Mumbai. The gateway of India was knowing by the British architect George Wittet and was opened for general public in the year 1924

Marketing Strategy & Practice of cable and internet industry

Comcast is a telecommunications order based in the United States. Currently Comcast is the countrys leading cable boob tube network provider as well as being the countrys second largest provider of broadband internet services. In analyzing this paper, I give look at the flowing trends in the telecommunications industry inwardly the United States. In addition to this, I will also look at or so of the current developments and or drawbacks giving special reference to Comcast as a single firm.INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERInternet service providers be ancestry organizations whose core business is providing business firms, organizations as well as private individuals with internet related services. In addition to this internet service, providers also provide a range of opposite services including domain registration, web hosting, collocation as well as internet transit.CABLE TELEVISIONCable television is a technology that involves providing television services to wishing consumers usi ng radio signals transmitted through coaxial cables or in recent times through optic fibers. In addition to this, these cables are sometimes used for providing broadband internet services, radio programming as well as a range of other servicesMARKETING STRATEGYA marketing strategy is a business process that allows organizations or businesses to optimize sales as well as acquire competitive advantage over its competitors by finding the greatest opportunities of channeling the organizations limited resources.INTRODUCTIONComcast Corporation has tried to find its market share within the United States telecommunications industry. In doing this, the company has tried to apply bleeding edge technologies in order to be ahead of its competitors comparable time Warner and Verizon. In doing this the company has company has initiated a mix of the best marketing strategy as well as market research.ANALYSISBy the year 2006 the telecommunications industry on a global perspective was estimated t o be worth more than $3 billion dollars. Within the United States alone, the sector is one of the largest takeers with more than one one million million employees as of the year 2006. Within the United States, there are estimates that subscribers will grow to about 4 billion by the year2011. In addition to this, current trends within the sector involve mergers and multiple acquisitions that have made the industry one of the most competitive. In addition, cross-border ownership of business enterprises has become the norm.Among these mergers and acquisitions is the take over of MCI by giant Verizon Corporation. In addition, the industry is one of the fastest growing within the market. The industry is also the most interrelated with all the other sectors of the economy. unheeding of its remarkable growth, the industry is faced with a discreet problem from the wireless internet service providers. The growth of wireless internet and telephony has been one of the major troubles for the broadband technologies.On a firm-based perspective, there is stiff competition within the industry. To improve on market share every company uses its own strategy. However, in any industry there are four core elements of marketing strategy. These four elements are strategies that involve the product, pricing, promotion, and distribution. All firms within the industry seem to employ a different mix of the four elements in order to achieve its growth or industry projections.In this field, companies like Comcast have adopted technologies like video on demand in order to improve their competitive edge. In addition to this, companies like Verizon have increased their capital base and they are becoming some of the core competitors to Comcast.CONCLUSIONThe telecommunications industry has come to be a major source of revenue for umteen economies. The industry is behind frequently growth that is being experienced within the East Asian newly industrialized countries like Singapore and Mala ysia. The role of the industry in the development of many countries cannot be overlooked.REFERENCESEdward F. McQuarrie. (2005). the Market Research Toolbox A Concise Guide for Beginners. capital of the United Kingdom Sage Publications.Ian, Chaston. (1999). New Marketing Strategies Evolving Flexible Processes to Fit Market Circumstance. London Sage PublicationsJames Higgins. (1994). the Management Challenge. New York MacmillanRogers, M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, (5th ed.). New York Free Press.Sunny, Crouch. &Matthew, Housden. (2003). Marketing Research for Managers. AmsterdamElsevier.

Impact of Automobile Essay

There ar things and objects in our life that could not be given up when they become embark on of our life. Throughout the history, there have been many objects and things like that. At the prehistoric ages, that had been their hunting tool. At the medieval age, especially for men that was his cavalry or his domestic animal. At the modern age, those have been their simple machines. Since for right away, travels are so important and encroachmentful for us and our daily life in many aspects. These are cultural, economic, and environmental. Firstly, as a cultural impact, automobiles came with new concepts and thoughts in our life.Especially, when the starting time automobile was introduced, it was working with steams like locomotives. It is not much much than bicycle at a for the first time glance. Also, it had many problems and continued to have a problem after its invention. Then, automobiles with gas were introduced. With gas cars, many things changed. From day by day, the y became more popular. Furthermore, with Henry traverses convocation line, they were cheaper at that time when they compared with their ancestors. That affected the history of automobiles. The love affair between plenty and automobiles has begun like as it happened between men and their horse at the history.The new horse was our automobiles. After Henry Fords contribution, in 50s, Americans hit the road. There were new concepts like American muscle and automobiles have been the inevitable part of American dream. After now, people have started to go to job, shopping, in short travelling to anywhere, with their cars. Indeed, with automobile history, we could gather in the impact over our culture and change in our lives is apparent. Moreover, economic effect is inevitable too. First of all, Carrying objects with the automobiles come with problem how much we can carry.The solution was wide automobiles called trucks and buses. That changed the mass transit, individual transit and tr ucks transference resulting with economic issues. Now, people can go to their works using their cars and mass transit. That could change the urban center life. Discarding the traffic problem, it was a miracle for men or women both to work in a urban center and to live in rural area. But now, millions of people live like that in most of all of countries. Also, new industry called transportation industry was born. Adding that, there are now huge amount of earnings from mass transit, taxes, ticket collection.By using this money, government could spend on other(a) issues in a country. As a conclusion, automobiles have another impact over economic events. Finally, environmental impact is another big aspect of the subject. At first, no matter how automobiles are miracle for our lives, environmental pollution increase is the problematic part of them. Think about(predicate) several millions of people are smoking in the area of sized city. That could be harmful for us as well as environ ment. Now hazard that, these smoking people are now automobiles. That is destructive for the nature, come up with diseases for living beings.Even in many areas, the number of cars is equal to the number of people. So, from now on non-polluting cars are popular and will be much more popular in the near future. For example, hybrid cars can be seen on streets as a price of middle class cars. These cars are the friend of nature, and some of them have zero carbon emission. There are also some alternatives such(prenominal) as cars with hydrogen fuel. Since combustible with carbon results with carbon dioxide, hydrogen cars give water to the nature. This is another miracle for the car history.As human beings try to find solutions to all problem, we will try to find forthcoming problems of automobiles as we have done in the past. In conclusion, cars have several impacts on our lives. They have changed our lifestyle, living habits, city lives. They have also great effect on transportation and mass transit. Finally, they changed the way we think to our nature and environment. Indeed, we could not live without automobiles. They will change their applied science and appearance but the way that we use in our lives may not change. And from generation to generation, we will have new habits and things as it was happened in the past.The invention of the automobile was without doubt one of the most groundbraking advancements in human technology. Today we can not imagine a world without it anymore. A large portion of our commonplace life is dominated by cars they are important not only while we are actually driving. The noise they produce, the streets built for them or the possibilities they offer are always a part of our perception. Doubtlessly cars have an enormous economic value. Without the automobile and derivations like trucks, the overlapivity of a modern economy would seriously be affected.The biggest part of transportation of goods is lock up conducted by trucks . But the automobile does not only contribute to modern economies as a means of transportation. It also has profound set up on the availability and distribution of working places. Having a car largely increases a familys mobility and flexibility. Because of the possibility to commute the advantages of life on the countryside can still be enjoyed while being occupied in an urban region. This is also a part of the change in lifestyle made by the ventilation of the automobile.Children can now be raised in a non-urban environment even if their parents work in the city center. Cars may also contribute to a strenghtening of family ties especially if the members live in distant regions. It may be much more agreeable to cover such distances by car than by other means of transportation. Last but not least cars can be considered an addition to personal freedom. They facilitate travelling, make it possible to eperience larger parts of a country and thus increase a persons horizon. On the oth er hand, cars are linked to a variety of problems. The most important of which are environmental ones.Cars are one of the biggest contributor to all kinds of pollution. A large proportion of the total amount of carbon dioxide produced by humans originates from the use of cars. indeed they contribute to the depletion of the ozon layer as well as to global warming. They also add to the pollution of densly inhabitated regions by producing noise and as the main factor in the widespread phenomena called smog. The increased mobility also contributed to a development which is widely known as urban sprawl, which is the extensive development of suburbs and vice versa the declension of city centers.Furthermore taking into account the yearly number of deaths in traffic it is obvious that cars also produce a lot of problems which have to be tackled in order to fully enjoy this invention. Through continuous improvement and the ingenious application of new technology, the automobile reconfirmed and updated its status as a triumph of engineering throughout the 20th century. I was fortunate to witness and participate in one of the most significant stages of this ongoing transformation. When I joined the industry in 1949, automobiles were still literally just mechanical objects.By the time I retired 40 years later they had become complex electronic devices on wheels. The first semiconductor computer chip went onboard in the mid-1970s. Before long, microprocessors were improving just about every aspect of the vehicleemissions, fuel economy, safety, security, engine and transmission performance, mount up and handling, even seat positioning. Electronics also transformed cars and trucks into mobile entertainment and communication centers. During my years in the industry, there were other profound changes that challenged the engineering community.Government regulations in the 1960s mandated cleaner, safer, more fuel-efficient vehicles in a rapid time frame. In the 1970s increasin g global competition brought a surge of high-quality, low-cost competitory products from overseas into the get together States. American manufacturers were painfully reminded of the fundamental importance of quality and took on the challenge of making our vehicles world class once again. We had to relearn some of the lessons of manufacturing excellence, such as the critical need for standardized, precision-made parts, that we had taught the world at the beginning of the century.Shortly after I became president of Ford Motor Company I saw a television programIf Japan Can, Why Cant We? that described Toyotas success in improving quality and gave W. Edwards Deming major credit for Toyotas success. I met with Ed Deming and liked his ideas for improving quality and his emphasis on the importance of people. Peter Drucker also was involved in the Japanese resurgence and emphasized people. For me personally these two men were a major help in forming the ways we worked together to improve product quality.We began engaging people at all levels and in all functions in what became known as the employee involvement movement in the 1980s. Encouraging everyone to participate and channeling individual and team efforts toward exculpated common goals produced remarkable results. As measured by owner-reported things gone wrong, vehicle quality improved more than 60 percent from 1980 to 1987 models. Breakthrough products such as the radically aerodynamic 1986 Ford Taurus helped convince consumers that American manufacturers could not only decrease defects but also increase design and engineering attributes that maximized product appeal.Today the automobile remains the most voracious consumer of new technology of any product in the marketplace. And promising new technological developments, such as the use of fuel cells as a power source, will undoubtedly keep the automobile on the leading edge of technology in the twenty-first century. But whatever shape the technology takes a nd wherever it leads us, we would do well to remember the lesson we learned in the 1980s to honor and encourage the people puke new ideas.The History of the Automobile Starting in the late 1700s, European engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles. Steam, combustion, and electrical motors had all been attempted by the mid 1800s. By the 1900s, it was uncertain which type of engine would power the automobile. At first, the electric car was the most popular, but at the time a battery did not follow that would stop a car to move with much hurrying or over a long distance. Even though some of the earlier speed records were set by electric cars, they did not stay in production past the first decade of the 20th century.The steam-driven automobile lasted into 1920s. However, the price on steam powered engines, either to build or maintain was incomparable to the gas powered engines. Not only was the price a problem, but the risk of a boiler explosion also kept the steam engine from becoming popular. The combustion engine continually beat out the competition, and the early American automobile pioneers like Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford built reliable combustion engines, rejecting the ideas of steam or electrical power from the start. Automotive production on a commercial scale started in France in 1890.Commercial production in the United States began at the beginning of the 1900s and was equal to that of Europes. In those days, the European industry consisted of small independent firms that would turn out a few cars by means of precise engineering and handicraft methods. The American automobile plants were assembly line operations, which meant using parts made by independent suppliers and putting them together at the plant. In the early 1900s, the United States had about 2,000 firms producing one or more cars. By 1920 the number of firms had decreased to about 100 and by 1929 to 44.In 1976 the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association had only 11 members. T he same role occurred in Europe and Japan. The first automobile produced for the masses in the US was the three-horsepower, curved-dash Oldsmobile 425 of them were exchange in 1901 and 5,000 in 1904this model is still prized by collectors. The firm prospered, and it was noted by others, and, from 1904 to 1908, 241 automobile-manufacturing firms went into business in the United States. One of these was the Ford Motor Company which was organized in June 1903, and sold its first car on the future(a) July 23.The company produced 1,700 cars during its first full year of business. Henry Ford produced the Model T to be an economical car for the average American. By 1920 Ford sold over a million cars. At the beginning of the century the automobile entered the transportation market as a toy for the rich. However, it became increasingly popular among the popular population because it gave travelers the freedom to travel when they wanted to and where they wanted. As a result, in North Ame rica and Europe the automobile became cheaper and more accessible to the middle class. This was facilitated by Henry Ford who did two important things.First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second, he paid his workers sufficient to be able to purchase the cars they were manufacturing. This helped push wages and auto sales upward. The convenience of the automobile freed people from the need to live near rail lines or stations they could choose locations almost anywhere in an urban area, as long as roads were available to connect them to other places. Many states in the US established motor fuel taxes that were used only to build and maintain highways helping the auto highway system become self-supporting.Popularity of the automobile has consistently moved with the state of the economy, growing during the boom period after World fight I and dropping abruptly during the Great Depression, when unemployment was high. World War II saw a large increase in mass transi t because employment was high and automobiles were scarce. The rapid growth of car owners after World War II, particularly in the United States and Western Europe demonstrated the populations favor towards automobiles. During the war, automobile motors, fuel, and tires were in short supply.There was an unsatisfied consider when the war ended and plenty of production capacity as factories turned off the war machine. Many people had saved money because there was slim to buy, beyond necessities, in the war years. Workers relied heavily on mass transportation during the war and longed for the freedom and flexibility of the automobile. A historian has said that Henry Ford freed common people from the limitations of their geography. The automobile created mobility on a scale never known before, and the total effect on living habits and social customs is endless.In the days of horse-drawn transportation, the practical limit of wagon travel was 10 to 15 miles, so that meant any community or individual farm more than 15 miles from a city, a railroad, or a navigable waterway was isolated from the mainstream of economic and social life. Motor vehicles and paved roads have narrow the gap between rural and urban life. Farmers can ship easily and economically by truck and can drive to town when it is convenient. In addition, such institutions as regional schools and hospitals are now accessible by bus and car. Yet, the effect on city life has been, if anything, more prominent than the effect on the farms.The automobile has radically changed city life by accelerating the outward expansion of population into the suburbs. The suburban trend is emphasized by the fact that highway transportation encourages business and industry to move outward to sites where land is cheaper, where access by car and truck is easier than in crowded cities, and where space is available for their one or two story structures. Better roads were constructed, which further increased travel throughout the nation. As with other automobile-related phenomena, the trend is most noticeable in the United States but is rapidly appearing elsewhere in the world.Before the automobile, people both lived in the city and worked in the city, or lived in the country and worked on a farm. Because of the automobile, the growth of suburbs has allowed people to live on the outskirts of the city and be able to work in the city by commuting. New jobs due to the impact of the automobile such as fast food, city/highway construction, state patrol/police, convenience stores, gas stations, auto repair shops, auto shops, etc. allow more employment for the worlds growing population.

National economic policy

On the issue of the global state of war on disquietude there atomic number 18 various effects which come a presbyopic with the paying for the grand-term war on terror. The huge amounts spent on this kind of war are spent done the government, through the private and other indirect means in the economy and these costs will need to be paid in the years to come.The policy or programs recommended addressing the likely effects of paying for the war on terrorWorld trade organization The world trade organization as an international organization promotes liberalization by encouraging all the nations to lower their subsisting trade barriers. In addressing the issue of the global war on terror the world trade organization has a mechanism by which it throttletles and also resolves various disputes without the result of any costly trade wars. Since the United States is a member of the world trade organization the awkwards markets have been liberalized (William D. Orpheus 2002)Social secu rityThe social security program is highly recommended in addressing the likely effects of war on terror. This ensures that the province has provided its citizens with the security that is needed against the attacks from the grounds enemies. Through the social security program the American citizens are given internal as well as the external security and they are also made to feel really safe in their own country.This is achieved by the continual manning of the countrys entry points such as the airports and the sea. Ports. On the other hand there is lot of surveillance in the country and this prohibits any possible attacks from the terrorists. The social security fund similarly ensures that the social public assistance of the countrys citizen is well catered for and the citizens are well aware of their social security in terms of their social welfare. (U.S. Department of Justice 2002)Medicare and Medicaid spendingThe Medicare and also the trefoil aid spending are also recommende d in addressing the likely effects of paying for the long term war on terror. This provides the soldiers and also those who are manifold in the war on terrorism a cover on their medical spending.The long-term financial outline and the unique fiscal challenges of paying for the long term war on terrorThe American national security highly depends on the countrys financial security. There has been a revolutionary war debt in America and this and this has been a in truth huge threat to the nations creditworthiness and also its very existence. There has been an establishment of various financial principles in order to further secure the country. The country has been borrowing a lot so that it can pay for the war in Iraq as well as the short sighted tax cuts in the face of the long term war on terror which has been running against the American tradition thus placing the country into a security peril. (Daniel McGinnis with Suzanne Smalley 2003)This has led the American government to furt her realign its economic policies on the countrys taxes, the social security, Medicare, and also the countrys oil dependency so as to safeguard the American liberty as well as its future. The need to pay for the war on terror in America has driven the country to a financial innovation the American common duties for instance have often fallen off with the existing hostilities and this has further led to the increased reliance on the consumption and also the excise taxes.This has highly cut the civilians demand and freeing up the war resources exactly it has been very burdensome on the poor Americans. On the other hand the taxes on the businesses in America and also the wealthy people are very popular however they do not this do not reduce the consumption in the country and they also discourage an energetic investment in the countrys war industries. If it is broad based the financial debt can cement the foul on the war but if it is not then it could channelise to a class of credito rs who have excessive political power.The shortsighted fiscal policyThe forging of the American fiscal policy has not been very simple since nigh of the American presidents have been frequently facing the congressional resistance to the countrys massive tax and its borrowing requests on several(prenominal) occasions. It has been found that the fiscal policy can not be only about the raising of very huge sums of money even though this is very important for the country as it addresses the issue of war on terror. But the fiscal policy could also be about finding several shipway in resolving the countrys internal differences so as to unite the country behind the war effort as well as maximizing the productive output in the countrys economy.The American fiscal policy is short sighted since it is viewed by large portions of the countrys nations as unfair since the methods employed by the political leadership for securing funds for the war are also not fair. This will however make the efforts for the support for the war to greatly suffer. On the other hand the methods used to raise money for the war on terror have weakened the countrys economy and also the countrys foundation of the military power.America has been faced with a major challenge of financing the war on terrorism since the long war has been fought is being fought in parallel with the ground wars which are prolonged in Iraq and also Afghanistan. The fiscal policy will limit and also prevent the governments ability to pay for the threats of the catastrophic attacks from the countrys unknown enemies. This is because the policy has led to the elimination, postponement or even the reduction of patronage for the low priority domestic projects so that there can be room for the high priority military spending in the budget.How to successfully move the global war on terror while at the same m meeting the growing cost of retirement and the healthcare benefitsThe American leaders can successfully prosecute t he global war on terror while at the same while meet the growing cost of the populations retirements and the healthcare benefits of all the Americans. This could be achieved by finding ways which meet the crucial security needs while at the same time addressing the countrys healthcare costs of the aging population and the escalating retirement benefits.The countrys administration should adapt a long-term fiscal strategy which will allow for such needs to be met. The countrys budget on the other hand should encompass and also as set aside some amounts of money which will cater for the social security demands, together with the healthcare benefits and the growing costs of retirement for the aging population in America. Similarly the strategy should include more thorough prioritization on the allocation of the countrys resources.This will allow the curbing of the non essential spending in the country. On the other hand there should be a tax policy which will help in the avoidance of t he countrys inveterate deficits. Similarly the American government should adapt fiscal policies and strategies which will match the payouts in the prerogative programs at a closer look to the money which is stream into the country. (Robert D. Hormat. 2007)The country should also reduce its dependence on the on the foreign capitals as this aggravate s the financial threat which is facing America as a nation. So that there could be a successful prosecution on both the war on terrorism and at the same time meeting the growing cost of retirement and the healthcare benefits the fiscal policy should be consistent and not in any way undermine the American national security.ReferenceWilliam D. Orpheus (2002) Iraq, The Economic Consequences of the War. New YorkReview of Books, December 5,U.S. Department of Justice. (2002) Explanation of the Process for Computing Presumed Economic Loss. Retrieved fromAccessed on 12th December 2007Daniel McGinnis with Suzanne Smalley (2003) Now Families Face the embody of War.Newsweek, April 21, 2003, p. 11..Robert D. Hormat. (2007) The Price of Liberty Paying for Americas Wars. Published by Henry and Holt Company

Historical Inquiries Group Essay

By the 1870s, Europe was forever changed by the organization of Italy and Germany as new nation-states. Through this formation, Europe was shaken by the alteration in the balance of forefinger. In Germanys case, its unification was created through the leaseership of Prussia, attempting to make a strong ethnic nation that could flog Austria. Italys unification was made possible by the initial intentions of Sardinia. Europe witnessed how drastically the balance of power was shifted during World War I, when Germany and Italy proved they had both grown into powerful nation-states.The creation of the nation-states of Italy and Germany was a key gunpoint in the history of Europe that changed that balance of power in Europe. There are several factors that lead to the unification of Germany. For example, the introduction of new disciplineistic ideas during the Enlightenment, caused for such events like the Carlsbad Decrees, which were German youth movements that spread national and libe ralistic ideologies.These movements, however, were not too successful and eventually suppressed underground. The greatest factor that leads to the unification of Germany was nearly likely through Prussia under the control of Otto von Bismarck, who led Prussia to become the unifying power. The Danish-Prussian struggle in 1864 was the frontmost step for Prussia, in which Prussia gained Schleswig, and Austria, which had an alliance with Prussia at the time, gained Holstein.Due to Holstein geographical isolation from Austria, it created tensions between Prussia and Austria, and lead to the Austro-Prussian war. The results of the war ended up with Austria being defeated, and Prussia gaining Holstein. The Franco-Prussian war in 1870 lead to the Treaty of Frankfurt, allowing Prussia to gain Alsace and Lorraine from France the loss of Alsace and Lorraine posterior becomes a reasons for tensions between France and Germany.

Frankenstein, or his Creation? Essay

Frankenstein is a gothic novel pen by Mary Shelley in a writing competition between friends. Mary Shelleys life sentence may commence greatly influenced what happened in the text and which character the sympathies of the reader were aimed at. Her mother died because of complications with the birth of Mary, and at 16 Mary eloped with the writer/poet Percy Shelley, together they had four squirtren but three of them died. After the first child died Mary had a dream in which she had brought the child back to life by warming it next the fire.These events in Mary Shelleys life may have influenced her writing, for example the dream some plentiful life to the dead child links to Victor Frankensteins ambition to create life. The fib of Frankenstein is told by means of three narratives, Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the wildcat. This therefore enables the story to come from the characters themselves but this passel make the story in truth biased, although this may be true w e are st chastisement able to see where the sympathies lie.Although we see Victor as a suffering, lonely man we also clearly see that he is egocentric, unlikable and irresponsible where as the Creatures violent, unjustified killings are countered by his childlike, innocent approach to the manhood surrounding him. Starting by feel at Victor Frankenstein and where the sympathy cigaret be placed on him, then moving on to look at the sympathies for the prick, it will be possible to see which character in the story has the roughly sympathy.The story begins in the remote icy wildness of the Pole this strange setting prepares the reader for the story that is to unfold. Throughout the story we can see what Frankenstein was like and can discover whether the reader can have sympathy for him. Frankenstein was obviously a genius as he created the shaft through his own public eye and ambition. Its understandable that his creation was a scientific experiment, it was not brought into the w orld to be honord or sympathised with.Frankenstein believed that rescue life into an inanimate object would benefit humanity it was not his fault that it went wrong. After he created the creature and realised that it was a big mistake he demonstrates a sense of remorse for his actions and feels guilty about creating the monster. Even as the monster gained life it obvious to see that Frankenstein was drained of it, I was exanimate, and did not heal my senses for a long time. This shows that Frankenstein could not possibly have cared or taught the creature as he was ill for a long time yet when a woman gives birth she may feel lifeless and be ill but she still cares for and loves her child. Frankenstein could not have been responsible for the monsters actions as it had its own freewill, and as a result of this Frankenstein suffered many losses, not solitary(prenominal) family but friends, health and peace of mind. The creature was soft killing Frankenstein.Although Frankenstein demonstrated that he thought he was like god as he was creating life, a new species would bless me as its creator and source. Victor Frankenstein gave no sympathy or love to his creation. The creature was forced to explore the world on its own and was not given any t each(prenominal)ing. Frankenstein created the creature for selfish achievement and deserved everything he got afterwards. Although he lost family members because of the creature, he was responsible for its actions and it was his fault, through privation of love and caring, that it went to murdering people as a result of this.The creature on the other hand was brought into the world with no parents, and no one to teach or love him. He had a childlike concord of the world in which he was created we can see this in the creatures narration when he calls bird, little winged animals. As well as receiving no formal teaching he suffered harm and rejection of society due to the repulsive appearance and grotesque image thats h is creator, Victor Frankenstein, had given him.The Creature was full of friendliness and sensitivity yet this was destroyed by the unfairness and rational behaviour of twain Frankenstein and every other person he came across. The murders he committed could be justified by the overlook of understanding of the world and society. After leading a life of unhappiness he destroyed himself. We can see from these two sides of the story that although the Creature was a murderer his reasons for murder could be justified. Victor Frankensteins reasons for abandonment and egocentricity however were not.There may be many points of sympathy for Victor Frankenstein but each point is countered by a reason thats unsympathetic. However the creatures sympathy points were not countered by unsympathetic points, thus this leads to believe that the sympathies of the reader were aimed at the Creature and the wasteful, unloved for life it led. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This st udent written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Bright ideas Essay

The tale of the progress of the human race is history of bright ideas. Looking at the great breakthroughs we had since civilisation began,we see that from to time there has been individuals and groups who challenged established beliefs and overcame limitations that had unbroken back the race. Known history records breakthroughs with bright ideas and based in this,we can safely say that regular(a) in mankind a early breakthroughs had probably been brought about by bright ideas. This trend continues forthwith as man progresses onwards.The first bright idea man ever had would probably was what saved him from query and wandering for food, or the introduction of fire. Other came up with the idea of growing food for self drill rather than chasing it. Taming I animals also came as a bright idea to man. Tools such as the famous wheel will give you a perfect idea of what Im talking about. some(prenominal) if our modern inventions are the result of having such bright ideas of scientists who tried vainly for the making of them. One has to give thanks Newton,Einstei,Edison and hundreds of other scientists who have changed our way of lifestyle, how we react, how we so everything. Such were those great ideas that shaked the earth. But these bright ideas have make inventions whom we are using for the destruction like the splitting of atom was made for the make of cheap electricity bit rather than that its being used for the making of atomic and nuclear bombs that wipes out the constitutional life in an areaIn the future we capture the idea of the making of the time machines and clone machines. These are also te results if the clones to be formed. Such is the brightness of the bright ideas

Practical Labour Law Assignment Essay

The common law contract of appointment would require that the cardinal opusies involved i. e. employer and employee conclude an agreement equitable to or at least come across the needs of (locatio conductio operarum/employment proper). Considering the nature of the relationship between Mrs. pack and the crop, it is difficult to define who the employee and employer is, as the initial agreement for the work fissureed by Mrs. James was made between her and the p arents. The groom ultimately becomes responsible for paid her requital based on a request she made.No formal agreement is mentioned with regards to this arrangement for instance, is the school charging her an administration/handling fee or is she subjected to statutory deductions like UIF as the other teachers. Mrs. James was provided with the tools (i. e. deuce classrooms) to run her services by the school and they stipulated conditions of her using the schools facilities (provided she supplied the children with equ ipment etc). Thus it would seem as though a (location conduction operis ) or provision of work contract exists between the school and Mrs. James.This contract unfortunately does non provide her with job security or re soma when facing acts of negligence or wrong doing by the other party to the contract. The control test indicates that Mrs. James ran her own later on care centre with reveal reportage to every of the staff members, in fact if ever there was a reporting structure it would in all probability be to the parents of the children she looked after. The governing body had no control over how she ran her classes either than the fact that they stipulated that toys and equipment be provided to the children and of course that the classrooms be tumefy maintained.The governing body can stipulate the code of conduct for the other teachers that surely Mrs. James would non be subjected to this. In terms of the Organizational test, Mrs. James has been a part of the school for 15 y ears receiving a cheque from the school governing body like any other member of the organization and hence feeling several(prenominal)what involved with the school. However should the teachers for instance be involved in industrial action over salaries would Mrs. James as part of the teachers organization trace involved or benefit from salary increases?There was no formal contract between the two only the school does provide the classroom (capital asset) and pay her via cheque signed by the governing body. To some degree they can terminate her services but non necessarily through disciplinary procedures as would be the case with their employees. If the school can no longer provide or choose to offer their facilities to someone else, surely the contract involved between Mrs. James and the school, would be more a dwell/landlord agreement rather than an employer/employee agreement. Who profits from the provision of these services?The fees paid by the parents are wholly acquire by Mrs. James which makes it seem as though shes the only one profiting from the services rendered but arguably the school indirectly benefits from this arrangement. For instance parents of prospective school children whitethorn consider the provision of after care facilities as an added bonus when trying to decide which school their little one should attend. Furthermore Mrs. James has the added benefit of receiving her collated fees on time with no risk of theft etc. in a satisfied manner at no extra charge to her.Teachers use by the school earning a salary in exchange for the services carried out at the business of their employer are entitled to certain benefits. If the school was her employer then Mrs. James wouldve had to obey reasonable instructions from the school regarding her work but it seems she ran her business independently. The philander should thus not rule in her favour as she wasnt an employee of the school and hence cannot be retrenched. Question 2Word Count 402 Sk ills development achievement 97 ?Key purpose of the SDA and SDLAThe Skills Development Act (SDA) 97 came into effect in 1998, it is centered at improving the in the south African workforce by providing skills and opportunities to South African citizens. It aims to improve the quality of a workers life and grant opportunities and flexibility of employment as well as increased competition in the workplace as workers become more productive and high-octane in their work. Entrepreneurship or self employment is encouraged through this act. The workplace becomes an institution of active study as employees are encouraged to study or continue to train further and acquire refreshed skills.Issues such as high unemployment or unskilled labour force can be intercommunicate as employers are encouraged to employ unskilled workers for instance graduates or scholars with no working experience. demarcation prospects of historically disadvantaged individuals are improved through training initia tives. Provision and regulation of employment services Improved return on investment in the labour market due to increase in the levels of investment in training and education. In order to facilitate and finance SDA, the skills development levy Act (SDLA) was created.It is a levy imposed on employers to ensure funds are generated towards financing skills development. ?Key provide of the SDA that follow through to our company The National Skills authority National skills fund labour centres SETAs Skills Development training unit and of course the Skills Development levy grant scheme where established to provide for SDA. SETAs or Sector Education and Training Authorities through which learnerships are provided mean that we as an employer must- 1. Employ a learner for a peak specified in an the agreement 2. Provide the learner with specified hard-nosed work experience 3.Afford the learner time to attend the education and training specified in the agreement ? Key procedures to be followed or set up to ensure compliance with SDA and SDLA We have to apply to the outfiter of the South African Revenue Services to be registered to pay SDLA. The company also has to register with a relevant SETA. Payment of the levy must be made no later than seven (7) years after the end of each month. Every employer is subject to pay a skills development levy which is stack away by SARS. This levy must be paid at a rate of 1% of an employees total remuneration excluding pension or retirement allowances.Question 3Word count 468 a) All South African employees working more than 24 hours a month and who are not receiving a monthly pension, nor employed under the skills and development act are entitled to a statutory benefit called UIF which stands for Unemployment Insurance Fund. In the event that you fall ill, pregnant or are dismissed from work and even if your contract of employment should expire and you are involuntarily out of work, you ordain then be able to adduce benefi ts against UIF and willing be paid out a certain amount over a certain period of time by the labour department.Officers and some specified employees of national and provincial spheres of government may not claim UIF so too are foreigners entering the country for specified learnerships or contracts of service and employees earning commission only. Since you are of legal employment age and earn below the annual level determined by the minister of labour, you may apply for UIF should you involuntarily be unemployed subject to you having employment but not necessarily making plowshares towards UIF for at least 13 weeks during the year before having to claim UIF.The company will deduct contributions from your salary every month and pay both our contribution as well as yours towards UIF fund. We will both be subject to paying an equal amount of 1% of your earnings towards the fund. In your current position as trainee data capturer you will be earning R7500 which is below the current inc ome capital of R8099 per month. In the event that you claim for UIF you will then be entitled to a percentage of R7500 figure by 12 months divided by 365 days as a benefit paid out to you.Once a year the company pays out a bonus (guaranteed 13th cheque) to which a contribution for UIF will also be deducted however as your service with us progresses and you are possibly promoted into other role which may have the added benefit of a performance bonus, please note this will not be subject to UIF contributions. We will also make no UIF deductions on overtime paid to you or any other special allowances that dont form part of the contract of employment youve righteous signed.As a contributor to the fund, you may one day claim for illness maternity/ betrothal benefits and of course in the event that you are for instance retrenched, dismissed or your contract is terminated and you are left unemployed, you may also claim for this. In the event that you should pass away, your dependants m ay also claim from the fund provided they do so six months of your death however under special circumstance the commissioner may accept applications older than six months.

Qcf Support with Nutrition Essay

1.3Describe slip guidance to resolve any difficulties or dilemmas about the choice of food and drink. * Giving them two or more choices and let them decide what they like, giving more details about the food leave alone assist them to choose. * beg off individuals about the importance of a well-preserved diet and encourage and support the m to choose healthy options and alternatives. * Explain individuals about the consequences of a poor diet choice. For example, obe sity can lead to heart disease, unhealthy veins, diabetes and arthritis. High cholesterol and diets high in salt can lead to heart attacks and strokes. 1.4Describe how and when to seek special guidance about and individuals choice of food and drink. * When sight reluctant, or refuse to feast certain types of food which have been noted in their support plan as a essential for their condition. For example when an individual need to have a diabetic diet, a weight-reduction diet or gluten-free diet, if soul having swallowing difficulties, in such situations if someone is determined to ignore medical advice and to follow a different diet, this should be reported and discussed among the care team and the medical staff.* If the soul have full mental skill to learn the consequence and still ignore medical advice, its their choice and they have right to follow what they prefers * For children, wad who are very confused and severely demented, they dont have the full mental capacity to choose right diet for them and it should be discussed with care team and medical staff to decide what topper for the individuals best inte liberalization. 3.1Describe factors that help promote an individuals dignity, comfort and enjoyment small-arm take and intoxication. * It should be a safe, hygienic and pleasant place for mickle to eat food. Make for certain the place is warm and have enough light, no noise distractions.* Let them decide where they like to sit when they having their meals. Some people lik e to site in the dining room with others, they will like the political party and like to have a little chat each other while they eat. Some people like to have it in a privet place like their own room, for example if a person has difficulties which will require assistance they might not want others to see them while having meals. * Some people will need special aids to eating and drinking, for example, for example in the case of an individual with an screaky condition provide cutlery with large handles which will help to hold them properly. * If a person demand feeding, make sure to give enough time for them to chew and swallow the food. * Presentation of the food will improve appetizing and more attractive and more likely to be eaten and enjoyed. 4.1Explain why it is important to be sure that an individual has chosen to finish eating and drinking before clearing out-of-door.Clearing away when a person has not finished their meal does not demonstrate respect and it reflects nega tively on the overall service. Sometimes people will put their cutlery down and have a rest during a meal, and it may look like they have finished, but they may wish to continue eating after having a rest. 5.1Explain the importance of monitoring the food and drink an individual consumes and any difficulties they encounter. * It is important to expend on information and record if necessary about how much people are eating and drinking and any problem they might had while they were eating.* If a person is at risk of malnutrition, recording their dietary intake will show problems early on and action can be taken to prohibit the situation getting worse. * Recording fluid intake and output can give a easily indication about how well the heart and kidneys are working. * Recording difficulties of eating and drinking will help to identify chewing and swallowing difficulties and it will help to decide how to prepare food in a way that they can consume, for example choosing soft or pureed diet, cut vegetables and meat in to small, thickened fluids.

The Pros and Cons of Not Vaccinating Your Child Essay

The Pros and Cons of Not Vaccinating Your Child - Essay ExampleVaccination against the utmostly prevalent infectious diseases is necessary to protect the individual from acquiring the disease and eradicating the disease from the whole residential bea as well as stopping its further transmission. Many goals of eradicating particular infectious diseases have been reach by mass vaccination programs. In 1980, the WHO eradicated small-pox worldwide by a mass vaccination program. In 1988, WHO, resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by vaccination. The tally of cases world-wide has fallen from 350,000 to 1651 at present (Colledge et al 2010). Vaccines argon associated with a number of risks and they argon also associated with certain risks. However, the vaccines are also associated with a vast number of benefits. Many parents question the safety and effectiveness of vaccinating their children and show concern about the adverse effect associated with it. Proper and adequate awareness shou ld be provided to the parents so that they can make a healthy decisiveness for their children after analyzing the pros and cons. The optimal benefits and risks associated with non vaccinating the children should be analyzed before providing immunization to the children. All vaccines are associated with side-effects and most of them are either minor or very rare. The CDC develops a Vaccine Information public opinion poll (VIS) that contains all the relevant information regarding the vaccines. The parents should be provided with VIS so that they are fully aware of the side-effects and do non panic in case of post-vaccination effects. The most common side-effects associated with the vaccines are fever and redness and swelling or infection at the site of the injection. Rarely, headaches, weakness or tiredness and rash also develop in the children. Seizures, coma, Gullain-Barre and death are very rare adverse effects of vaccination and are least expected. thither are certain contraind ications of vaccination and these children should not be immunized. Children with suppressed immunity because of any disease or disease related treatment should not be vaccinate at all. There are high chances that they will respond poorly to the inactivated vaccine agents. Any allergies to the vaccine components are also a contraindication for vaccine administration. In such cases of contraindications, it is recommended that prevention of the disease is attained through other preventive measures (Hansel 2012). The side-effects of vaccination are different for particular vaccines and parents should attain complete awareness before putting forward their children for the vaccination programs. However, the benefits of not vaccinating children are not huge and it is important to protect your children from the prevalent infectious diseases. The benefits of the vaccines have been seeming(a) since the past 100 years from the eradication of the variola virus, control of the polio and measl es infection and the diminution of many vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the benefits are reducing as the vaccine-preventable diseases are becoming rare or have been eradicated. Although umpteen diseases have been controlled in United States, outbreaks of certain diseases like measles have brought forward the benefits of vaccines. Researches showed that children who were not vaccinated had 35 folds greater risk of developing measles as compared to

Three Main Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three Main Components - Essay manikinIt is therefore important to understand the functions, structure and how the woeful American iniquitous justice system works.The criminal justice system three main components charged with different roles that ensure justice and order. These ar the police, salutes and corrections working synergistically to serve the intended purpose. Police component of the criminal justice system is composed of accede and special service police. State police arm is charged with the roles of patrolling highways, enforcing law & order in unsophisticated locations and assisting in the investigative function of local police. Special service police ensure law enforcement in institutions such as the transport sector, school districts, housing etc. The court system in the unify States is divided into two i.e. state and federal courts. There is in that states have their own independent court systems. Three levels exist in most state court systems which are the c ourt with limited jurisdiction, courts with widely distributed jurisdiction as well as appellate courts. Courts majorly are charged with guarding the constitution in step-up to assurance of law and order. Corrections are those functions of the criminal justice system aimed at rehabilitating offenders. Programs include paroles, probation, and prisons. Prisons are also of two types detention and correctional facilities.The court system is the most effective component of the criminal justice system when it comes to discharge its duties. This because it involves adversaries defense attorney and prosecutor work as opponents while support their clients rights. Victims and the state are represented by the prosecutor while accused persons are represented by their attorneys. The courts are at all times mindful of the individual rights of both accused persons and victims as they are guardians of the constitution. They are obliged to follow Due process right as envisaged in the

Sociology of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sociology of Education - Essay ExampleThe new nestle to grooming supports the idea that these atomic number 18 the families and private persons, who must be responsible for education, leaving minimum blank space for old objects of regulation. The incidence of state decreased, whereas the society is treated in terms of market and economy. The society is under(a) reconstruction. But due to the fact that many state responsibilities inherent to old model of society atomic number 18 about to disappear, the rights of citizens are suppressed by the consumer rights. So some elements of solving the problems in the sphere of education were passed to the private sector.Present financial crisis and economic decline that still goes on both in the UK and the the States make evident that educational system is revised and reassessed. There are some points that are habitual for the both countries and these points are most demonstrative meanss to show that revision is necessary, as it is dicta ted by the conditions of reality. These factors are as follows it is a tendency to blame teachers for level of education doesnt meet the requirements of the society, as well as reducing the funds that are meant for educational needs and putting higher standards with the help of market management. This resulted in a flood of laws and recommendations given to the representatives of educational system. However, a significant part of these recommendations appeared to be a factor disturbing, rather than supporting the teachers in the process of changes made.The attempts of changing existing conditions have some differences in the regular army and the UK and can be better seen in comparison. The essence of the educational reform in the USA lies in restructuring, in other words, providing for definite changes in structure, environment, organizations and curriculum of educational system. Changes include giving parents more opportunities of move in school life and learning, or creating cou ncils, or establishing school management and common problem-solving. Hallinger & Hausman (1993) described a plan that includes major points that should be taken into consideration while working upon the plans of reconstructionthe decentralization of part through school-based management shared decision-making at each school site a system of controlled maternal(p) choice concerning pupil attendance and curricula organized around distinctive themes reflecting different educational philosophies ... The primary want was the districts commitment to the development of a viable and effective way to attain ethnic balance in its elementary schools. (Hallinger, P. & Hausman, C. 1993)The frames and schemes of restructuring differ in various states, cities and schools, but there is whiz general idea of reformation which is implemented in all these plans of restructuring. Some schools regard changes in structure as obligatory, the others find them optional. However, one of the most meaningfu l issues that refer to the essence of reformation is its effect on the nature, purpose and content of the teachers functions. normally restructuring presupposes a change from stressed administrative role to a flexible leadership, while in the